Endocrinology Exam Questions -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thyroid hormones, T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), play a crucial role in regulating metabolism in the body. They are responsible for increasing the metabolic rate of cells by influencing the production of proteins and controlling how the body uses energy. This increase in metabolic rate results in processes such as increased heart rate, enhanced nutrient breakdown, and higher body temperature. Thus, option A, "increase metabolic rate," is the correct statement regarding thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Oxytocin and Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), are the hormones stored in the posterior pituitary gland. These hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and then transported and stored in the posterior pituitary gland until they are released into the bloodstream when needed. Oxytocin plays a role in uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during lactation, while Vasopressin regulates water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys to reduce urine production and conserve water. The other hormones listed, such as Prolactin, TSH, GH, ACTH, FSH, and LH, are produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing various health conditions, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and hypertension. However, chronic obstructive lung disease (COP
D) is not directly linked to obesity. COPD is primarily caused by exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly from cigarette smoke. While obesity can impact lung function and worsen symptoms in individuals with COPD, it is not a direct cause of the condition.
Therefore, the correct answer is D, chronic obstructive lung disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by various glands in the body and released into the bloodstream to signal and regulate the activity of specific target cells. Unlike energy sources that can be metabolized for energy production (like carbohydrates and fats), hormones are not typically used as an energy source themselves (
Choice
B). Hormones are typically not biologically inert by themselves (
Choice
A), as they have specific functions in regulating various physiological processes in the body. While some hormones may be stored in secretory granules before release, not all hormones are stored in this manner (
Choice
D). Additionally, hormones are not always released by exocytosis (
Choice E), as some hormones can also be released through other mechanisms such as diffusion. The correct choice, therefore, is C: hormones are incorporated as a structural moiety into another molecule, as they bind to specific receptors on target cells to elicit a cellular response and regulate physiological functions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a glycoprotein hormone that is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate the production and release of thyroid hormones, T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). TSH plays a crucial role in regulating the function of the thyroid gland and maintaining overall thyroid hormone levels in the body.