ATI RN
microbiology chapter 14 test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 22-year-old patient is a clerk. His working day runs in a conditioned room. In summer he was taken by an acute disease with the following symptoms: fever, dyspnea, dry cough, pleural pain, myalgia, arthralgia. Objectively: moist rales on the right, pleural friction rub. X-ray picture showed infiltration of the inferior lobe. In blood: WBC - 11 · 109/l, stab neutrophils - 6%, segmented neutrophils - 70%, lymphocytes - 8%, ESR - 42 mm/h. What is the etiological factor pneumonia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Streptococcus. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common etiological factor for community-acquired pneumonia in young adults. The symptoms described align with typical pneumococcal pneumonia presentation. Presence of pleural friction rub and infiltration in the X-ray support the diagnosis. The blood work showing elevated WBC count with a left shift (increased neutrophils and low lymphocytes) and elevated ESR is consistent with a bacterial infection. Legionella and Mycoplasma typically present with atypical pneumonia symptoms such as headache, confusion, and GI symptoms, which are not described in the case. Staphylococcus pneumonia is not a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in young adults.
Question 2 of 5
What is the role of bacterial ribosomes?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protein synthesis. Bacterial ribosomes are responsible for translating mRNA into proteins through a process called translation. This is a crucial step in gene expression, where amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains.
Choice B (DNA replication) is incorrect because ribosomes are not involved in DNA replication.
Choice C (Flagella formation) is incorrect as ribosomes do not play a direct role in flagella formation.
Choice D (
Toxin production) is incorrect as ribosomes are not directly involved in producing toxins.
Question 3 of 5
Virulence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because virulence refers to the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism, which can vary and is not a constant characteristic. It can be measured using LD50, which is the lethal dose that kills 50% of the test population.
Therefore, all the statements in options A, B, and C are true and collectively provide a comprehensive understanding of virulence.
Question 4 of 5
Some of the viruses have a cubic type of symmetry, which in the shape of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: icosahedral structure. Icosahedral symmetry is common in viruses due to its efficient packing of genetic material. It consists of 20 equilateral triangular faces and 12 vertices. This symmetry allows viruses to have a stable structure and optimal capacity for encapsulating their genetic material.
A: Tetrahedral structure is incorrect as it consists of 4 faces and is not commonly found in viruses.
B: Hexahedral structure is incorrect as it consists of 6 faces and is not a common symmetry type in viruses.
C: Dodecahedral structure is incorrect as it consists of 12 faces and is not typically seen in viruses.
In summary, the icosahedral structure is the correct choice due to its stability, efficient packing, and common presence in viral structures compared to the other options.
Question 5 of 5
Viruses that are mainly transmitted through sexual contact are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Papillomaviruses. Papillomaviruses are primarily transmitted through sexual contact, as they infect the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area. This transmission route is well-documented through research and epidemiological studies. Arenaviruses (
A) are primarily transmitted through contact with infected rodents, not sexual contact.
Togaviruses (
B) are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks. Polyomaviruses (
D) are typically spread through respiratory secretions or contaminated urine, not through sexual contact.
Therefore, the most appropriate choice for viruses transmitted mainly through sexual contact is Papillomaviruses (
C).