ATI RN
Pathophysiology Exam 1 Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypersensitivity is correctly defined as an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen. This response leads to tissue damage or other clinical manifestations.
Choice A is incorrect as hypersensitivity involves an exaggerated, not a reduced, immune response.
Choice B is incorrect because hypersensitivity is not a normal immune response to an infectious agent but rather an exaggerated one.
Choice D is incorrect as it refers to desensitization, which is the opposite of hypersensitivity.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse practitioner is assessing a 7-year-old boy who has been brought to the clinic by his mother, who is concerned about her son's increasingly frequent, severe headaches. Which of the nurse's questions is least likely to yield data that will confirm or rule out migraines as the cause of his problem?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. In assessing a child for migraines, asking about food allergies is least likely to yield data that will confirm or rule out migraines as the cause of his headaches. Food allergies are unrelated to the typical symptoms and triggers of migraines, such as family history, associated symptoms like nausea and vomiting, and pain-free intervals between headaches.
Therefore, in this scenario, focusing on food allergies is less relevant for identifying migraines as the cause of the boy's headaches.
Question 3 of 5
What is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women globally. It is strongly associated with smoking and exposure to environmental toxins. Breast cancer (choice
B) primarily affects women, while colorectal cancer (choice
C) and prostate cancer (choice
D) are more gender-specific. Colorectal cancer is more common in both men and women but not the leading cause of cancer-related deaths.
Question 4 of 5
The patient should be taught that an improvement in symptoms will likely be noticed within
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When taking isoniazid and rifampin for active tuberculosis, patients should be taught that an improvement in symptoms will likely be noticed within 2 to 3 weeks.
Choice A (48 hours) is too soon to expect significant improvement in symptoms.
Choice B (a week to 10 days) is also too early for noticeable improvement with this medication regimen.
Choice D (4 to 6 weeks) is too far out to expect a noticeable improvement in symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
During an assessment of a male client suspected of having a disorder of motor function, which finding would suggest a possible upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperreflexia, or exaggerated reflexes, is a common sign of an upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion. An UMN lesion indicates damage to the central nervous system pathways that control movement. Hypotonia (choice
A) refers to reduced muscle tone, which is more indicative of lower motor neuron lesions. Muscle atrophy (choice
C) suggests long-standing denervation or disuse of muscles. Fasciculations (choice
D) are involuntary muscle contractions that can be seen in lower motor neuron lesions, like in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), rather than UMN lesions.