ATI RN
foundations of nursing practice questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
An oncology nurse is contributing to the care of a patient who has failed to respond appreciably to conventional cancer treatments. As a result, the care team is considering the possible use of biologic response modifiers (BRFs). The nurse should know that these achieve a therapeutic effect by what means?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Focusing the patient's immune system exclusively on the tumor. Biologic response modifiers (BRMs) work by enhancing the body's natural defenses to target and attack cancer cells specifically. This approach helps the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells.
A: Promoting the synthesis and release of leukocytes - This is not the primary mechanism of action for BRMs. While leukocytes play a role in the immune response, BRMs target the immune system's response to tumors.
C: Potentiating the effects of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy - While some BRMs may be used in combination with these treatments, their primary mode of action is not to enhance the effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
D: Altering the immunologic relationship between the tumor and the patient - This choice is too broad and vague. BRMs specifically aim to direct the immune response towards targeting the tumor cells, rather than altering the overall immunologic relationship
Question 2 of 5
A patient has been living with seasonal allergies for many years, but does not take antihistamines, stating, When I was young I used to take antihistamines, but they always put me to sleep. How should the nurse best respond?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (
C):
1. The newer antihistamines, such as second-generation antihistamines like loratadine or cetirizine, are designed to cause less sedation compared to older antihistamines like diphenhydramine.
2. These newer antihistamines have a lower affinity for crossing the blood-brain barrier, reducing the sedative effects.
3.
Therefore, suggesting that the newer antihistamines are different and cause less sedation is the best response to address the patient's concerns.
Summary of Incorrect
Choices:
A. While some newer antihistamines may be combined with decongestants to offset drowsiness, this is not a consistent feature of all newer antihistamines.
B. Developing tolerance to sedation after a few months is not a common or reliable response to antihistamines.
D. Taking antihistamines at bedtime may help with sedation, but it does not address
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is admitting an oncology patient to the unit prior to surgery. The nurse reads in the electronic health record that the patient has just finished radiation therapy. With knowledge of the consequent health risks, the nurse should prioritize assessments related to what health problem?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Impaired wound healing. Radiation therapy can lead to damage to the skin and blood vessels, affecting wound healing. The nurse should prioritize assessing the patient's skin integrity and any signs of impaired wound healing to prevent complications post-surgery.
A: Cognitive deficits - While radiation therapy can impact cognitive function in some cases, it is not the most immediate concern related to surgery post-radiation therapy.
C: Cardiac tamponade - Although radiation therapy can increase the risk of heart-related issues, such as pericarditis, cardiac tamponade is a rare and acute complication that is not the most likely immediate concern post-radiation therapy.
D: Tumor lysis syndrome - This syndrome is more commonly seen in patients undergoing chemotherapy rather than radiation therapy. It is not typically a concern immediately post-radiation therapy.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is to undergo an ultrasound-guided core biopsy. The patient tells the nurse that a friend of hers had a stereotactic core biopsy. She wants to understand the differences between the two procedures.What would be the nurses best response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because an ultrasound-guided core biopsy is indeed faster, less expensive, and does not use radiation.
- "Faster": Ultrasound-guided biopsies are typically quicker compared to stereotactic biopsies, as they are performed in real-time using ultrasound imaging.
- "Less expensive": Ultrasound-guided biopsies are generally more cost-effective than stereotactic biopsies due to the equipment and resources required.
- "Does not use radiation": Unlike stereotactic biopsies which involve the use of X-rays for guidance, ultrasound-guided biopsies do not expose the patient to radiation, making them safer in that aspect.
The other choices are incorrect because they either inaccurately state that ultrasound-guided biopsies use radiation (
C), take more time (
D), or imply a slight increase in cost without highlighting the key advantages of speed and lack of radiation (
B).
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing preoperative education for a patient diagnosed with endometriosis. A hysterectomy has been scheduled. What education topic should the nurse be sure to include for this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it addresses a crucial aspect of preoperative care for a patient undergoing a hysterectomy due to endometriosis. Emptying the bladder before surgery helps prevent urinary retention postoperatively. Placing a catheter during surgery ensures proper drainage and prevents bladder distention. This education topic is essential for the patient's comfort and well-being during and after the procedure.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Menstrual periods will not continue after a hysterectomy as the uterus is removed.
B: Normal activity is usually restricted after a hysterectomy to promote healing.
C: Hormone levels are affected after a hysterectomy, especially if the ovaries are also removed.