Human Growth and Development Final Exam - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Maternal high blood glucose is linked to poorer memory in early childhood. Research has shown that exposure to high levels of maternal blood glucose during pregnancy may negatively impact a child's memory development in early childhood. This highlights the importance of managing blood glucose levels during pregnancy for the health and development of the child.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the established link between maternal high blood glucose and poorer memory in early childhood. Rh factor incompatibility is related to blood type differences between the mother and the fetus, low birth weight can be linked to various factors other than maternal blood glucose, and sharp increases in the mother's blood pressure are not directly associated with maternal high blood glucose.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Max, age 65, learning to play the piano at a local senior center demonstrates that development is plastic at all ages. This means that individuals have the potential to learn and grow regardless of their age, showing that it is never too late to acquire new skills and experiences.
Choice A is incorrect because it presents a negative view of aging, which is not supported by Max's actions.
Choice B is incorrect as it implies that learning is restricted to certain age periods, which is contradicted by Max's experience.
Choice D is incorrect because Max's learning of the piano at 65 suggests that musical talent can be developed at any age, not necessarily peaking in late adulthood.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A major strength of the longitudinal design is that researchers can examine relationships between early and later behaviors. This design allows researchers to observe and track changes in the same participants over an extended period of time, providing valuable insights into developmental trajectories and how behaviors are connected across different stages of life.
Choice B is incorrect because longitudinal studies track changes over time, not necessarily collect a large amount of data in a short time span.
Choice C is incorrect as it refers to cross-sectional studies rather than longitudinal studies.
Choice D is incorrect as it describes a cross-sectional design where participants of different ages are studied at the same time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In an experiment, the independent variable is the one that the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable. It is the factor that is deliberately manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable. The purpose of manipulating the independent variable is to study its impact on the outcome, allowing researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships in their investigations.
Choice A is incorrect because the independent variable is not influenced but rather influences another variable.
Choice C is incorrect as the independent variable is intentionally manipulated by the researcher.
Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a different concept unrelated to the independent variable in an experiment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Piaget's critics point out that his stagewise account pays insufficient attention to social and cultural influences. Critics argue that Piaget's theory does not fully consider the impact of social interactions, cultural differences, and individual experiences on children's cognitive development. They believe that these factors play a crucial role in shaping a child's thinking and problem-solving abilities, which should be given more emphasis.
Choice A is incorrect because Piaget's critics do not focus on him overestimating the competencies of infants and young children.
Choice C is incorrect as it discusses a different aspect of learning rather than the critique of Piaget's theory.
Choice D is also incorrect since critics do not argue that children's performances on Piagetian tasks cannot be improved with training.