Exam 4 Psychology - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. This scenario exemplifies a critical period in development. Critical periods are specific times in an individual's life when certain events have a profound impact on their development. In this case, the events surrounding the departure of the U.S. armed forces from Saigon in 1975 had a lasting influence on the children living there at that time.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Normative age-graded influence refers to events that are common to people of a particular age group, the social clock relates to the culturally preferred timing of social events, and a sensitive period is a time when an individual is more susceptible to environmental influences but does not result in lifelong consequences as with critical periods.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A psychologist interested in the psychological effect of aging would most likely specialize in developmental psychology. Developmental psychology focuses on studying the psychological changes that occur throughout a person's lifespan, including the effects of aging. Experimental psychology primarily deals with conducting experiments to study behavior and cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving. Psychometrics involves the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude, and personality traits, but it does not specifically address the psychological effects of aging as in developmental psychology.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive worry or anxiety that is not triggered by specific situations or objects, hence the term 'free-floating anxiety.' Social anxiety disorder (
A) is characterized by fear and anxiety about social situations, panic disorder (
C) involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks, and specific phobia (
D) is an intense fear of a specific object or situation.
Therefore, B is the most appropriate choice in the context of anxiety not being triggered by specific stimuli.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Humanism. Humanism is a school of psychology that focuses on the positive aspects of human nature, emphasizing personal growth, self-actualization, and the inherent goodness in individuals. Behaviorism (choice
A) primarily focuses on observable behaviors and conditioning, functionalism (choice
B) emphasizes the functions of consciousness and behavior adaptation, and psychoanalysis (choice
D) delves into unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences, rather than having a fundamentally positive view of human nature.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The corrected question assesses the least likely statement made by a humanist.
Choice B, 'The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances,' is least likely to be made by a humanist. Humanists believe that human behavior is not simply dictated by environmental circumstances but is influenced by a combination of factors, including personal experiences, emotions, and conscious decisions.

Choices A, C, and D are more aligned with humanist perspectives.
Choice A acknowledges the uniqueness of humans, which is a common theme in humanistic psychology.
Choice C reflects the humanistic belief that individuals strive to reach their full potential and self-actualization.
Choice D contrasts with humanist views as humanists often consider research on animals to be relevant in understanding human behavior due to shared basic psychological processes.