Exam 4 Psychology - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Self-conscious emotions. Self-conscious emotions like pride, shame, and guilt require not only self-awareness but also an understanding of socially accepted behaviors. These emotions involve evaluating oneself in relation to societal norms.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately capture the idea of emotions that rely on both self-awareness and knowledge of socially accepted standards of behavior.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Recessive traits are expressed when an individual inherits two copies of the recessive gene, one from each parent.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
Choice A is incorrect as one copy of a recessive gene is not sufficient to display a recessive trait.
Choice C is incorrect because having at least one copy of a dominant gene is unrelated to expressing a recessive trait.
Choice D is incorrect because two copies of a recessive gene must come from both parents, not just one.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A psychologist interested in the psychological effect of aging would most likely specialize in developmental psychology. Developmental psychology focuses on studying the psychological changes that occur throughout a person's lifespan, including the effects of aging. Experimental psychology primarily deals with conducting experiments to study behavior and cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes like perception, memory, and problem-solving. Psychometrics involves the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude, and personality traits, but it does not specifically address the psychological effects of aging as in developmental psychology.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The corrected question assesses the least likely statement made by a humanist.
Choice B, 'The behavior of humans tends to be influenced by environmental circumstances,' is least likely to be made by a humanist. Humanists believe that human behavior is not simply dictated by environmental circumstances but is influenced by a combination of factors, including personal experiences, emotions, and conscious decisions.

Choices A, C, and D are more aligned with humanist perspectives.
Choice A acknowledges the uniqueness of humans, which is a common theme in humanistic psychology.
Choice C reflects the humanistic belief that individuals strive to reach their full potential and self-actualization.
Choice D contrasts with humanist views as humanists often consider research on animals to be relevant in understanding human behavior due to shared basic psychological processes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. This scenario exemplifies a critical period in development. Critical periods are specific times in an individual's life when certain events have a profound impact on their development. In this case, the events surrounding the departure of the U.S. armed forces from Saigon in 1975 had a lasting influence on the children living there at that time.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Normative age-graded influence refers to events that are common to people of a particular age group, the social clock relates to the culturally preferred timing of social events, and a sensitive period is a time when an individual is more susceptible to environmental influences but does not result in lifelong consequences as with critical periods.