Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. It is important to treat clients and families with respect, practicing open and honest communication. This fosters trust, helps address concerns, and improves client satisfaction.
Choice A is incorrect as involving supervisors may not always be necessary.
Choice B is incorrect as the physician may not always be the cause of the problem.
Choice C is incorrect as avoiding discussion can lead to unresolved issues. In summary, choice D promotes a positive and effective client-provider relationship, while the other choices do not address the core principles of effective communication and client-centered care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Autonomy. Autonomy is the ethical principle that emphasizes respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions about their healthcare. In this scenario, the RN respects the patient's autonomy by providing all necessary information and allowing the patient to choose whether or not to accept a blood transfusion, despite the potential risks. This decision-making process aligns with the patient's right to self-determination.

Summary of other choices:
B: Nonmaleficence - Focuses on avoiding harm to the patient, but in this case, the patient's autonomy takes precedence over nonmaleficence.
C: Beneficence - Involves acting in the patient's best interest, but in this scenario, the patient's autonomy to make decisions is the primary focus.
D: Distributive justice - Concerns fair distribution of resources, which is not directly relevant to the patient's right to autonomy in decision-making.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome showing signs of poor skin turgor and dry oral mucosa is at risk for severe dehydration and potential complications. Assessing this patient first is crucial to address their immediate needs.


Choice A is incorrect as the 19-year-old with possible dawn phenomenon can be assessed after the patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome who is at higher risk.


Choice B is incorrect as a blood glucose reading of 230 mg/dL in a 35-year-old with type 1 diabetes is high but not indicative of an immediate life-threatening situation compared to severe dehydration.


Choice D is incorrect as the 68-year-old with peripheral neuropathy and foot pain, while in discomfort, does not present an immediate threat to their life like severe dehydration does in a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Encouraging open communication. This strategy promotes understanding, empathy, and collaboration among conflicting parties. It allows individuals to express their thoughts and feelings, leading to mutual respect and potential solutions. Ignoring the conflict (
A) can escalate tensions, while assigning blame (
B) can create hostility. Enforcing strict rules (
D) may suppress conflict temporarily but does not address underlying issues. In summary, open communication fosters constructive dialogue and facilitates resolving conflicts effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because patient classification systems often struggle to accurately predict potential admissions, leading to challenges in allocating appropriate staffing levels and resources. This is a crucial shortcoming as it can result in understaffing or overstaffing, impacting patient care quality and staff workload. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they address different issues such as changes in patient conditions between shifts, short-term staffing needs prediction, and staffing mix changes due to illness, which are not directly related to the specific shortcoming of accounting for potential admissions.