ATI RN
Pharmacology Assessment 1 ATI Capstone Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient given furosemide for diuresis should have a decrease in what?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly used to treat conditions involving edema such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disorders. By promoting diuresis (increased urine production), furosemide helps the body eliminate excess fluid, leading to a decrease in edema or swelling.
Therefore, a patient given furosemide for diuresis should experience a decrease in edema as the drug acts on the kidneys to increase urine output and eliminate extra fluids from the body.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who has been taking antihypertensive drugs for a few months complains of having a persistent dry cough. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A persistent dry cough is a well-known adverse effect associated with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thereby causing vasodilation and reducing blood pressure. However, they can also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, leading to the accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs. This accumulation can irritate the airways, resulting in a dry, persistent cough in some patients. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of this side effect, as it can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and may require alternative antihypertensive medication.
Question 3 of 5
A 39-year-old man with chronic allergic rhinitis and nasal congestion takes an over-the-counter nasal spray containing oxymetazoline. Over the next few days, he has significant improvement in his symptoms. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of this agent?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oxymetazoline treats nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis by acting as an α-adrenergic agonist. Option , increased nasal blood flow, is incorrect-vasoconstriction reduces flow. Option , increased arterial pressure, doesn't directly relieve congestion. Option , receptor stimulation on nasal vasculature, is correct-oxymetazoline stimulates α-receptors, causing vasoconstriction, shrinking swollen mucosa, and improving airflow. Option , transmembrane conductance change, is unrelated to its action. Option (E), understimulation, contradicts its agonist role. This vasoconstrictive effect rapidly alleviates congestion, explaining the symptom improvement. Unlike antihistamines or steroids, oxymetazoline targets vascular tone, not inflammation or histamine, making it ideal for quick relief in rhinitis. Prolonged use risks rebound congestion, but the question focuses on initial efficacy, where receptor-mediated vasoconstriction is key.
Question 4 of 5
The drug that will most likely be used for treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sildenafil (Viagra), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, treats erectile dysfunction (E
D) by enhancing penile blood flow, a first-line therapy. Leuprolide suppresses testosterone for prostate cancer, worsening ED. Finasteride and tamsulosin, for BPH, don't target ED and may cause it. Sildenafil's vascular action offers rapid efficacy, making it the go-to choice.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the priority nursing diagnosis for a client undergoing chemotherapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a client is undergoing chemotherapy, the priority nursing diagnosis would be related to potential complications from the treatment. Decreased cardiac output is a critical concern because certain chemotherapy drugs can have cardiotoxic effects, leading to reduced heart function. Monitoring and addressing any changes in cardiac output are vital for the overall well-being of the client during chemotherapy. While the other options may also be relevant, such as managing fear, anxiety, and altered nutrition, decreased cardiac output takes precedence due to its immediate impact on the client's cardiovascular health.