Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Clubbing of the fingernails is characterized by an increased angle between the nail base and the nail plate (usually 180 degrees or greater) and a spongy texture at the nail base. This is due to underlying tissue changes associated with conditions like lung disease.
Choice D is correct as it accurately describes the characteristic findings of clubbing.

Choices A, B, and C do not align with clubbing features.
Choice A describes tenderness and firmness, not sponginess and increased angle.
Choice B mentions a convex profile and ridges, which are not specific to clubbing.
Choice C includes an angle of 150 degrees, which is less than the typical angle seen in clubbing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale:
Step 1: Swollen and bleeding gums during pregnancy can be a sign of gingivitis or pregnancy gingivitis.

Step 2: Dental check-ups during pregnancy are important to prevent potential complications.

Step 3: Referring the woman to a dentist ensures proper evaluation and treatment.

Step 4: Dental care is safe during pregnancy, so timely intervention is crucial.

Step 5: Option C is correct as it addresses the concern with a proactive approach.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because drooling is a common sign of teething in infants. The nurse's response should validate the mother's observation to build trust and rapport.
Choice B is incorrect because teething can start as early as 3 months.
Choice C is incorrect as drooling is a normal developmental milestone in infants.
Choice D is incorrect as infants do not consciously control saliva production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because as individuals age, there is a natural decrease in skin elasticity, subcutaneous fat, and moisture content in the skin. These factors contribute to the bones becoming more noticeable in the face.
Choice A is incorrect because diets low in protein and high in carbohydrates do not directly cause enlargement of facial bones.
Choice B is incorrect as the use of a specific moisturizer does not directly impact the visibility of facial bones.
Choice D is incorrect because facial skin actually loses elasticity with age, leading to less taut skin and more prominent bones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrocephalus. The nurse suspects hydrocephalus due to the symptoms presented by the infant: enlarged cranium, small face, dilated scalp veins, and "setting sun" eyes. Hydrocephalus is the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, leading to increased intracranial pressure and characteristic physical signs such as an enlarged head. Craniotabes (
A) is softening of the skull bones, not associated with these symptoms. Microcephaly (
B) is characterized by a smaller head size, opposite to what is described in the question. Caput succedaneum (
D) is swelling of the soft tissues of the infant's scalp, which is unrelated to the symptoms mentioned.