ati health assessment test bank -Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Health screenings such as mammograms, because secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of diseases to prevent progression. Health screenings help identify conditions at early stages, allowing for timely intervention. Routine immunizations (
A) are considered primary prevention as they prevent diseases from occurring. Smoking cessation programs (
C) and health education on healthy eating (
D) are examples of primary prevention, as they aim to prevent the development of diseases by promoting healthy behaviors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging early ambulation. This is crucial post-total hip replacement to prevent complications such as blood clots, pneumonia, and muscle weakness. Early ambulation helps improve circulation, prevent stiffness, and promote faster recovery. Monitoring for infection (
A) is important but not the top priority. Administering pain medications (
C) and wound care (
D) are essential but do not address the primary goal of preventing complications post-operatively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoC
A) is specifically designed to detect delirium and dementia and differentiate these conditions from psychiatric mental illness. It assesses various cognitive domains such as memory, attention, language, and visuospatial abilities. Scores below the normal range on the MoCA can indicate cognitive impairment related to delirium or dementia.


Choice A is incorrect because a score below 30 on the MoCA does not necessarily indicate cognitive impairment; it depends on the individual's baseline and education level.


Choice B is incorrect because the MoCA primarily focuses on cognitive function rather than mood and thought processes.


Choice D is incorrect because while the MoCA can be used for initial evaluation of cognitive function, it is not sufficient for evaluating changes over time. Additional tools and assessments are needed for longitudinal monitoring of cognitive changes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pneumonia. The patient's symptoms of shortness of breath and cough with thick, green sputum suggest an acute infection in the lungs. Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation and infection of the lung tissue, leading to symptoms such as productive cough, shortness of breath, and sputum production. It is a serious condition that requires prompt treatment with antibiotics.

A: Asthma typically presents with wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath triggered by certain stimuli, but not usually with thick, green sputum.
B: Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, characterized by cough with clear or slightly discolored sputum, not typically thick and green.
D: Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the arteries of the lungs, causing sudden shortness of breath and chest pain, but not usually associated with green sputum production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the small, flat, brown macules described are consistent with lentigines (commonly known as age or liver spots), which are clusters of melanocytes that appear after prolonged sun exposure. This explanation directly addresses the patient's question about the cause of the spots and is supported by the clinical presentation.


Choice A is incorrect because decreased hematocrit related to anemia would not cause these specific skin changes.
Choice B is incorrect as destruction of melanin due to sun exposure would result in lighter spots, not dark brown macules.
Choice D is incorrect because hyperpigmentation related to decreased perfusion and vasoconstriction would present differently and not primarily on sun-exposed areas like the arms and hands.