ATI RN
Physical Assessment NCLEX Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
You are examining a newborn and note that the right testicle is not in the scrotum. What should you do next?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When examining a newborn and noting that the right testicle is not in the scrotum, it is important to refer the newborn to a pediatric urologist for further evaluation and management. This condition could be a case of undescended testis (cryptorchidism), where the testicle fails to descend into the scrotum. Early intervention is crucial as the undescended testis may lead to complications such as infertility, testicular cancer, and inguinal hernia. Urology specialists can determine the best course of action to bring down the testis and ensure proper testicular development. Waiting or attempting manual descent without expertise could lead to complications, so it is best to involve a urologist for proper assessment and management.
Question 2 of 5
A 22-year-old advertising copywriter presents for evaluation of joint pain. The pain is new, located in the wrists and fingers bilaterally, with some subjective fever. The patient denies a rash; she also denies recent travel or camping activities. She has a family history significant for rheumatoid arthritis. Based on this information, which of the following pathologic processes would be the most correct?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most likely pathologic process based on the patient's symptoms and history would be an inflammatory process. The patient's joint pain, fever, and family history of rheumatoid arthritis suggest the possibility of an autoimmune inflammatory condition like rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. The bilateral involvement of the wrists and fingers along with a family history of rheumatoid arthritis make this diagnosis more likely than an infectious, hematologic, or traumatic process in this case.
Question 3 of 5
A patient complains of epistaxis. Which other cause should be considered?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a patient presents with epistaxis (nosebleed), other causes such as intracranial hemorrhage should be considered. Intracranial hemorrhage refers to bleeding within the skull, which can sometimes manifest as epistaxis. Common symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage include severe headache, altered mental status, focal neurological deficits, and sometimes, epistaxis. It is essential to assess for signs of increased intracranial pressure or neurological deficits if a patient with epistaxis has a history of trauma or other risk factors for intracranial bleeding. Immediate medical evaluation and imaging studies may be necessary to rule out intracranial hemorrhage in such cases to prevent serious consequences.
Question 4 of 5
Cody is a teenager with a history of leukemia and an enlarged spleen. Today he presents with fairly significant left upper quadrant pain. On examination of this area a rough grating noise is heard. What is this sound?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A splenic rub is a friction rub heard on auscultation in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, typically in patients with an enlarged spleen. The rough grating noise heard during examination is due to the rubbing together of the inflamed or irritated peritoneal surfaces surrounding the spleen. This is a classic finding in patients with splenomegaly and is often associated with left upper quadrant pain. Bowel noises (borborygmi) are typically heard in the abdomen and are softer, gurgling, or rumbling in nature. Vascular noises are related to blood flow and are typically not associated with such sounds in the abdomen.
Question 5 of 5
A 29-year-old woman comes to your office. As you take the history, you notice that she is speaking very quickly, and jumping from topic to topic so rapidly that you have trouble following her. You are able to find some connections between ideas, but it is difficult. Which word describes this thought process?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a person's thought process is characterized by speaking rapidly, jumping from topic to topic, and making loose or tangential connections between ideas, it is referred to as a "flight of ideas." This type of thought process is commonly seen in conditions such as mania, where there is a marked increase in goal-directed activity, energy, and racing thoughts. In contrast, derailment refers to a disorganized thought process where the individual is unable to maintain a logical progression in their speech. Circumstantiality involves providing excessive and unnecessary detail before eventually reaching the main point. Incoherence is used to describe speech that is incomprehensible and disjointed, lacking any logical connection between ideas.