ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
In developing a plan of care for the patient, the nurse understands that the order for pegfilgrastim was prescribed for which reason?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pegfilgrastim is a long-acting form of filgrastim, modified with polyethylene glycol (pegylated) to prolong its activity. It is administered once per chemotherapy cycle to stimulate white blood cell production and reduce the risk of neutropenia. Unlike filgrastim, which requires daily injections, pegfilgrastim's extended half-life allows for less frequent dosing. The nurse should educate the patient about the dosing schedule and monitor for side effects, such as bone pain.
Question 2 of 5
The physiologic differences in the pediatric patient compared with the adult patient affect the amount of drug needed to produce a therapeutic effect. The nurse is aware that one of the main differences is that infants have
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infants have a higher percentage of total body water (approximately 75%) compared to adults. This difference affects the distribution and concentration of water-soluble drugs, often requiring adjustments in dosing to achieve therapeutic effects. Increased protein in circulation, lower fat composition, and more muscular body composition are not primary factors influencing drug therapy in infants. Therefore, the nurse must consider the higher water composition when calculating drug dosages for pediatric patients.
Question 3 of 5
Louie, who is to receive a blood transfusion asks the nurse what is the most common type of infection he could receive from the transfusion. The nurse teaches him that approximately 1 in 250,000 patients contract:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hepatitis C infection is the most common transfusion-transmitted infection, with an estimated risk of 1 in 250,000 units of blood. While the risk of HIV and hepatitis B has significantly decreased due to improved screening and testing, hepatitis C remains a concern. West Nile virus is rare and region-specific. The nurse should reassure Louie that the blood supply is rigorously tested, but hepatitis C is the most likely infection, albeit still rare.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is the most effective in the management of absence seizures?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Absence seizures, brief lapses in consciousness, require specific antiepileptics. Carbamazepine, effective for focal seizures, can worsen absence seizures by enhancing sodium channel activity. Topiramate and clobazam have broader uses but limited efficacy here. Phenytoin suits tonic-clonic, not absence. Ethosuximide reduces T-type calcium currents in thalamic neurons, directly targeting absence seizure mechanisms, making it most effective. Its specificity ensures rapid control, critical for pediatric epilepsy management.
Question 5 of 5
Age associated changes in pharmacokinetics include:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aging reduces creatinine clearance in about two-thirds of individuals due to declining renal function, a true statement impacting drug excretion. Body fat increases, not decreases, with age, altering distribution of lipophilic drugs, so that's false. Total body water decreases, not increases, affecting hydrophilic drugs. Conjugation (phase II) is less affected than oxidation (phase I) by age, making that false. Absorption isn't significantly altered by age alone. Reduced renal clearance is a critical age-related change, necessitating dose adjustments for renally cleared drugs like digoxin.