ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 9
In developing a plan of care for the patient, the nurse understands that the order for pegfilgrastim was prescribed for which reason?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pegfilgrastim is a long-acting form of filgrastim, modified with polyethylene glycol (pegylated) to prolong its activity. It is administered once per chemotherapy cycle to stimulate white blood cell production and reduce the risk of neutropenia. Unlike filgrastim, which requires daily injections, pegfilgrastim's extended half-life allows for less frequent dosing. The nurse should educate the patient about the dosing schedule and monitor for side effects, such as bone pain.
Question 2 of 9
One hour after receiving intravenous morphine sulfate, a patient reports generalized itching. The nurse assesses the patient and notes clear breath sounds, no rash, respirations of 14 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 68 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg. Which action will the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should prepare an epinephrine injection in case of an anaphylactic reaction. While generalized itching is a common side effect of morphine, the presence of itching along with clear breath sounds and absence of rash may suggest a possible allergic reaction. Anaphylactic reactions can be life-threatening and may present with symptoms such as itching, respiratory distress, and cardiovascular collapse. Therefore, having epinephrine readily available is crucial in case an anaphylactic reaction occurs, as it is the treatment of choice for such a reaction.
Question 3 of 9
A client is admitted to the emergency room complaining of difficulty of breathing and upon auscultation, the nurse noted that the patient has wheezes. An allergic reaction to penicillin was
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Albuterol (Ventolin HFA) is a short-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator commonly used to treat asthma exacerbations and wheezing. In this case, the patient presenting with wheezes and difficulty breathing likely has bronchospasm, which albuterol can help relieve by relaxing the muscles in the airways. It is the first-line treatment for acute bronchospasm and is administered via inhalation to provide quick relief of symptoms. Albuterol works rapidly to open up the airways, making it an appropriate initial medication to administer in this situation.
Question 4 of 9
A 26-year-old alcoholic man is trying to quit drinking. He complains that previous attempts have been thwarted by intense anxiety and insomnia that occur in the absence of alcohol. These symptoms disappear when he resumes alcohol use. Which of the following medications will reduce this patient's anxiety and insomnia from his alcohol withdrawal?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 9
It is defined as the fraction of drug absorbed by the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation in an unchanged form after administration. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that reflects the amount and rate of drug absorption. Bioavailability can be influenced by various factors such as the route of administration, drug formulation, and first-pass metabolism. Monitoring bioavailability is important in determining the efficacy and dosage requirements of a drug.
Question 6 of 9
A client has been using sildenafil (Viagra) for several months. Which client reports would the nurse interpret as an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sildenafil (Viagra) commonly causes nasal congestion due to vasodilation affecting nasal blood vessels, a frequent adverse effect tied to its mechanism. Earache isn't a recognized side effect-sildenafil targets vascular smooth muscle, not auditory systems. Blurry vision occurs from PDE-6 inhibition in the retina, another known issue. Priapism, a sustained erection, is a rare but serious risk requiring urgent care. Nasal congestion stands out as a typical, manageable effect, reflecting sildenafil's systemic vasodilatory impact, distinct from less common visual or emergent issues, and aligns with patient reports needing monitoring.
Question 7 of 9
The patient has been treated by the same physician for 2 years and has had insomnia the entire time. Many different medications have been tried with limited success. What should be the nurse's primary assessment at this time?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Persistent insomnia despite meds suggests a primary disorder like sleep apnea-e.g., obstructed breathing disrupts sleep-needing assessment (e.g., EEG), not just med failure. Selling meds lacks evidence. Addiction or personality disorders don't explain resistance. Sleep apnea fits chronicity, per sleep science.
Question 8 of 9
The nurse teaches a class for college students about osteoporosis. What is the best information to include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 9 of 9
The following are examples of prodrugs:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.