Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Edema and proteinuria. In CKD, the kidneys are unable to filter waste products effectively, leading to fluid retention (edema) and protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria). Edema occurs due to fluid buildup from decreased kidney function. Proteinuria is a result of damaged glomeruli in the kidneys, allowing proteins to leak into the urine. Weight loss and polyphagia (excessive hunger) are not typical symptoms of CKD. Hypertension and tachycardia can occur in CKD due to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. Hypothermia and bradycardia are not common symptoms of CKD and would be more indicative of other conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because clients with renal disease may have impaired kidney function, leading to difficulty in regulating potassium levels. High potassium intake can further burden the kidneys, potentially causing hyperkalemia. Clients on diuretic therapy (choice
A) may actually need to monitor potassium levels due to potential electrolyte imbalances. Clients with an ileostomy (choice
B) typically do not have issues with potassium absorption. Clients with metabolic alkalosis (choice
C) may have potassium shifts but do not necessarily need to avoid high-potassium foods unless specifically advised by their healthcare provider.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inspecting feet daily for signs of injury. This is crucial in diabetic neuropathy to prevent complications such as infections and ulcers. By inspecting the feet daily, the patient can identify any injuries early and seek prompt treatment. Exercising (choice
B) is important, but not the top priority. Taking pain medication (choice
C) only addresses symptoms, not the root cause. Increasing protein intake (choice
D) may be beneficial for healing, but foot inspection is more directly related to preventing complications in diabetic neuropathy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood pressure measurement. Dizziness and weakness can be symptoms of hypotension or low blood pressure. Prioritizing blood pressure measurement is crucial because it can indicate if the patient is at risk of complications like cardiovascular collapse. Pulse oximetry (
B) is important for assessing oxygen levels in the blood but may not directly address dizziness and weakness. Blood glucose levels (
C) are important but not the priority in this scenario. Cardiac monitoring (
D) may be necessary but should come after assessing blood pressure to rule out immediate life-threatening conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antiemetics. Antiemetics help alleviate nausea and vomiting by blocking neurotransmitters in the brain. This intervention directly targets the symptoms and provides relief for the client. Administering fluids (
B) may help with hydration but does not address the root cause. Administering analgesics (
C) is for pain relief, not for nausea and vomiting. Monitoring electrolytes (
D) is important but does not directly treat the symptoms.
Therefore, administering antiemetics is the most appropriate intervention for severe nausea and vomiting.