ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 9
The nurse is reviewing new medication orders for a patient who has an epidural catheter for pain relief. One of the orders is for enoxaparin (Lovenox), a low“molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). What is the nurse™s priority action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority action for the nurse in this situation is to contact the prescriber because the administration of LMWH (such as enoxaparin) is contraindicated in patients with epidural catheters due to the increased risk of spinal or epidural hematoma formation. Spinal or epidural hematoma can lead to serious neurologic complications, including paralysis. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to verify the order with the prescriber and explore alternative anticoagulant options that are safe to use in patients with epidural catheters. Giving the LMWH as ordered without addressing this contraindication could result in harm to the patient.
Question 2 of 9
The nurse reviews the list of medications and is aware that red blood cell production can be stimulated with which drug for anemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epoetin alfa is a recombinant form of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. It is used to treat anemia, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease or those undergoing chemotherapy. Filgrastim and sargramostim stimulate white blood cell production, while interleukin 2 is used to boost the immune system. The nurse should recognize epoetin alfa as the appropriate drug for managing anemia and monitor the patient's hemoglobin levels during treatment.
Question 3 of 9
When administering a loop diuretic to a patient, it is most important for the nurse to determine if the patient is also taking which drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can interact with theophylline, a medication commonly used to treat asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). When both drugs are taken together, it can lead to an increased risk of theophylline toxicity due to decreased theophylline clearance. This can result in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to determine if the patient is taking theophylline before administering a loop diuretic to prevent potential drug interactions and adverse effects.
Question 4 of 9
The following drugs undergo significant enterohepatic circulation:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 9
Which of the following is least likely to have an adverse drug interaction with phenelzine (a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenelzine, an MAOI, risks hypertensive crisis or serotonin syndrome with drugs increasing monoamines. Levodopa raises catecholamines, risking hypertension with MAOIs. Ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, may enhance monoamine effects, potentially hazardous. Tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor, increases levodopa levels, amplifying MAOI risks. Pseudoephedrine, a sympathomimetic, causes severe hypertension. Propofol, an anesthetic, acts via GABA without monoamine interaction, making it least likely to cause adverse effects with phenelzine. Its safety profile here is key for procedural use in MAOI patients.
Question 6 of 9
A patient has just received a prescription for an enteric-coated stool softener. When teaching the patient, the nurse should include which statement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enteric-coated medications are designed to resist dissolution in the stomach and release the active ingredient in the intestines. Chewing or crushing the tablet can compromise the coating, leading to premature drug release and potential irritation of the stomach lining. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the patient to swallow the tablet whole without chewing. Taking the tablet with orange juice or avoiding other medications is not necessary, and crushing the tablet is contraindicated. Proper administration ensures the medication's effectiveness and minimizes the risk of adverse effects.
Question 7 of 9
The nurse is reviewing new medication orders for a patient who has an epidural catheter for pain relief. One of the orders is for enoxaparin (Lovenox), a low“molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). What is the nurse™s priority action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority action for the nurse in this situation is to contact the prescriber because the administration of LMWH (such as enoxaparin) is contraindicated in patients with epidural catheters due to the increased risk of spinal or epidural hematoma formation. Spinal or epidural hematoma can lead to serious neurologic complications, including paralysis. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to verify the order with the prescriber and explore alternative anticoagulant options that are safe to use in patients with epidural catheters. Giving the LMWH as ordered without addressing this contraindication could result in harm to the patient.
Question 8 of 9
A 29-year-old woman has a positive pregnancy test. She presents to her primary care physician for confirmation. She has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections, headaches, seizure disorder, and pulmonary embolus. Her current medications include acetaminophen, ciprofloxacin, warfarin, valproic acid, and methotrexate. Which of the following medications could be maintained at its current dose during her pregnancy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 9 of 9
A patient is concerned about the adverse effects of the fibric acid derivative she is taking to lower her cholesterol level. Which is an adverse effect of this class of medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fibric acid derivatives, also known as fibrates, are a class of medications commonly used to lower cholesterol levels. One of the potential adverse effects of fibric acid derivatives is joint pain. Patients taking these medications may experience muscle and joint pain, also known as myalgia and arthralgia. It is important for patients to report any new or worsening joint pain while taking fibric acid derivatives to their healthcare provider for further evaluation and management.