ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice B 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Louie, who is to receive a blood transfusion asks the nurse what is the most common type of infection he could receive from the transfusion. The nurse teaches him that approximately 1 in 250,000 patients contract:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hepatitis B infection is the most common serious infection that patients can contract from a blood transfusion. It is estimated that approximately 1 in 250,000 patients receiving a blood transfusion may contract Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Blood banks and healthcare facilities have strict screening and testing procedures in place to minimize the risk of transmitting Hepatitis B through blood transfusions. It is important for patients to be aware of this risk and to follow up with their healthcare provider if they experience any symptoms of Hepatitis B after a blood transfusion.
Question 2 of 5
A 19-year-old man attempts suicide after failing all of his college courses. He goes home and takes more than 90 digoxin tablets (0.25 mg each), ingesting them about 3 h prior to presentation at the emergency department. He is brought to the hospital by his brother. Vital signs are as follows: pulse is 50 beats/minute, and the electrocardiogram indicates third-degree heart block. Serum electrolytes are normal. Which of the following is the most important therapy to initiate in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Digoxin overdose (bradycardia, heart block) requires digoxin immune Fab , binding free digoxin to reverse toxicity. Amiodarone and lidocaine treat arrhythmias but not the cause. Potassium and verapamil (E) worsen hyperkalemia or block. Fab is urgent here.
Question 3 of 5
Two days after admission, the nurse is reviewing laboratory results of the patient. Which is the most common electrolyte finding resulting from the administration of furosemide (Lasix)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic commonly used to treat conditions such as edema and hypertension by increasing urine output. One of the most common electrolyte imbalances associated with the use of furosemide is hypokalemia, which is a low level of potassium in the blood. This occurs because furosemide increases the excretion of potassium in the urine by inhibiting its reabsorption in the kidneys. Hypokalemia can lead to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias, making it important for healthcare providers to monitor potassium levels closely in patients receiving furosemide.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse acknowledges that the first-line drug for treating this client's blood pressure might be which drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are considered a first-line drug for treating hypertension in many patients. They work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are well tolerated and have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with hypertension. Other medication classes such as diuretics, alpha blockers, and alpha/beta blockers may also be used in the management of hypertension but ACE inhibitors are often preferred as a first-line therapy due to their efficacy, safety profile, and proven outcomes in hypertension management.
Question 5 of 5
Enzymatic activity that changes a medication into a less active form is an example of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enzymatic change to a less active form is metabolism, a pharmacokinetic process altering drugs for excretion, distinct from pharmacodynamics (drug effects), active transport (energy-driven movement), or diffusion (passive spread). Pharmacokinetics governs this transformation, key to drug handling.