ATI RN
ATI Practice Exam Pharmacology The Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 9
Which of the following describes the relationship of the blood concentration attained with initial dosing and the dose of drug given
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The relationship of the blood concentration attained with initial dosing and the dose of drug given is best described by the concept of steady state. Steady state refers to the point at which the rate of drug input (dose) equals the rate of drug elimination, resulting in consistent drug levels in the blood. Achieving steady state typically requires several half-lives of the drug, during which the drug concentration gradually increases with each dose until it stabilizes. The dose of the drug given will influence how quickly steady state is reached and at what concentration the drug will be maintained in the body. Factors such as bioavailability, half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance play important roles in determining the dosage needed to reach and maintain steady state drug levels in the body.
Question 2 of 9
Which of the following drugs is most useful for the treatment of absence seizures?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lamotrigine, a broad-spectrum antiepileptic, treats absence seizures by stabilizing sodium channels and inhibiting glutamate release, though less specific than ethosuximide. Topiramate and levetiracetam manage multiple seizure types but aren't first-line for absence. Tiagabine, a GABA reuptake inhibitor, may worsen absence seizures. Zonisamide has broad efficacy but less absence focus. While ethosuximide is gold standard, lamotrigine's utility in absence, especially in mixed epilepsies, and clinical evidence make it the most useful here among options.
Question 3 of 9
Enzymatic activity that changes a medication into a less active form is an example of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 9
What is/are the major adverse/side effects of regular insulin? Select all that apply
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 9
The nurse is monitoring a post-renal transplantation client taking cyclosporine (Neoral). The nurse observes an elevation in one of the client's vital signs and the client is complaining of sweating and
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant medication commonly used in post-renal transplantation clients to prevent organ rejection. One of the common side effects of cyclosporine is hypertension, which can lead to an elevation in pulse rate. The increase in pulse rate is a compensatory mechanism by the body in response to increased blood pressure. Additionally, sweating can also be a side effect of cyclosporine, adding to the client's discomfort. Therefore, when a nurse observes an elevation in pulse rate along with sweating in a post-renal transplantation client taking cyclosporine, it is important to monitor closely for signs of hypertension and assess the need for further evaluation or intervention.
Question 6 of 9
Warfarin:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warfarin is highly bioavailable (near 100%), so 90% is close and true. It doesn't inactivate vitamin K but inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, reducing clotting factor synthesis, making that false. It can paradoxically cause venous thrombosis (e.g., skin necrosis) early in therapy due to protein C depletion, a true statement. Initial loading is typically 5-10 mg, not 0.5 mg, so that's false. Metronidazole increases its effect via metabolism inhibition, not bactericidal action. The thrombosis risk is a rare but serious side effect, highlighting the need for bridging with heparin during initiation.
Question 7 of 9
The following drugs undergo significant enterohepatic circulation:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 8 of 9
A 19-year-old man attempts suicide after failing all of his college courses. He goes home and takes more than 90 digoxin tablets (0.25 mg each), ingesting them about 3 h prior to presentation at the emergency department. He is brought to the hospital by his brother. Vital signs are as follows: pulse is 50 beats/minute, and the electrocardiogram indicates third-degree heart block. Serum electrolytes are normal. Which of the following is the most important therapy to initiate in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 9 of 9
A patient is concerned about the adverse effects of the fibric acid derivative she is taking to lower her cholesterol level. Which is an adverse effect of this class of medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fibric acid derivatives, also known as fibrates, are a class of medications commonly used to lower cholesterol levels. One of the potential adverse effects of fibric acid derivatives is joint pain. Patients taking these medications may experience muscle and joint pain, also known as myalgia and arthralgia. It is important for patients to report any new or worsening joint pain while taking fibric acid derivatives to their healthcare provider for further evaluation and management.