ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice B 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following describes the relationship of the blood concentration attained with initial dosing and the dose of drug given
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The relationship of the blood concentration attained with initial dosing and the dose of drug given is best described by the concept of steady state. Steady state refers to the point at which the rate of drug input (dose) equals the rate of drug elimination, resulting in consistent drug levels in the blood. Achieving steady state typically requires several half-lives of the drug, during which the drug concentration gradually increases with each dose until it stabilizes. The dose of the drug given will influence how quickly steady state is reached and at what concentration the drug will be maintained in the body. Factors such as bioavailability, half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance play important roles in determining the dosage needed to reach and maintain steady state drug levels in the body.
Question 2 of 5
Which over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine combination contains an analgesic property?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Actifed Plus combines acetaminophen (an analgesic) with antihistamine and decongestant, relieving pain alongside allergy symptoms. Sudafed PE and Triaminic contain chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine, no analgesics. Tavist has clemastine alone. Choice D's analgesic property distinguishes it, relevant for nurses advising on OTC options.
Question 3 of 5
Louie, who is to receive a blood transfusion asks the nurse what is the most common type of infection he could receive from the transfusion. The nurse teaches him that approximately 1 in 250,000 patients contract:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hepatitis B infection is the most common serious infection that patients can contract from a blood transfusion. It is estimated that approximately 1 in 250,000 patients receiving a blood transfusion may contract Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Blood banks and healthcare facilities have strict screening and testing procedures in place to minimize the risk of transmitting Hepatitis B through blood transfusions. It is important for patients to be aware of this risk and to follow up with their healthcare provider if they experience any symptoms of Hepatitis B after a blood transfusion.
Question 4 of 5
Two days after admission, the nurse is reviewing laboratory results of the patient. Which is the most common electrolyte finding resulting from the administration of furosemide (Lasix)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic commonly used to treat conditions such as edema and hypertension by increasing urine output. One of the most common electrolyte imbalances associated with the use of furosemide is hypokalemia, which is a low level of potassium in the blood. This occurs because furosemide increases the excretion of potassium in the urine by inhibiting its reabsorption in the kidneys. Hypokalemia can lead to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias, making it important for healthcare providers to monitor potassium levels closely in patients receiving furosemide.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reviewing new medication orders for a patient who has an epidural catheter for pain relief. One of the orders is for enoxaparin (Lovenox), a low“molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). What is the nurse™s priority action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The priority action for the nurse in this situation is to contact the prescriber because the administration of LMWH (such as enoxaparin) is contraindicated in patients with epidural catheters due to the increased risk of spinal or epidural hematoma formation. Spinal or epidural hematoma can lead to serious neurologic complications, including paralysis. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to verify the order with the prescriber and explore alternative anticoagulant options that are safe to use in patients with epidural catheters. Giving the LMWH as ordered without addressing this contraindication could result in harm to the patient.