As the definition of nursing evolved, which of the following nurse theorists focused on the uniqueness of nursing?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Virginia Henderson is the correct answer because she emphasized the unique role of nursing in helping individuals achieve independence in meeting their basic needs. Henderson's theory focuses on the holistic approach to patient care, highlighting the importance of individualized care and the nurse's role in assisting patients to reach their optimal health potential. Florence Nightingale, known as the founder of modern nursing, focused on sanitation and environmental factors in health care. Martha Rogers emphasized the interconnectedness of humans with their environment. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory, which is more aligned with psychology than nursing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Process. Process theories of motivation focus on how individuals initiate, sustain, and direct their behavior towards achieving goals. These theories explore the cognitive processes involved in motivation, such as goal-setting, expectancy, and self-regulation. They highlight the importance of understanding individuals' thought processes and decision-making in driving their efforts. Rationale: A: Reinforcement theories primarily focus on how behavior is influenced by consequences, such as rewards and punishments. While reinforcement is a factor in motivation, it does not address the cognitive processes underlying motivation. B: Operant theories, like reinforcement, concentrate on how behavior is shaped by consequences. However, they do not delve into the internal cognitive processes that drive motivation. C: Conditioning theories, such as classical and operant conditioning, emphasize how behavior is learned through associations and reinforcements. While conditioning plays a role in shaping behavior, it does not directly address how motivation works to direct efforts based on cognitive processes. In summary, the correct answer, D

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because suggesting that the practice partnership model is more expensive to implement than other models would not be a significant benefit to an organization. A: Clients' greater satisfaction would be a benefit as it could lead to improved outcomes. C: Facilitated continuity of care would also be a benefit by improving coordination and patient experience. D: Leadership being well accepted is also a benefit as it can enhance organizational effectiveness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alcohol or drug withdrawal. This is because individuals experiencing withdrawal from alcohol or drugs may exhibit aggressive behavior due to physical and psychological effects of withdrawal. This can lead to volatile and potentially violent situations. Choice B: Anxiety, and choice C: Depression, are less likely to be directly associated with violent behavior compared to withdrawal symptoms. Choice D: Confusion, while it can lead to misunderstandings or agitation, is not as consistently linked to violent behavior as alcohol or drug withdrawal. Therefore, staff should be more prepared to manage and diffuse potentially violent situations when dealing with individuals experiencing alcohol or drug withdrawal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is correct because a practice partnership model enhances continuity of care, leading to improved patient outcomes and satisfaction. It promotes collaboration among healthcare providers, ensuring seamless transitions between different levels of care. This model also fosters better communication and coordination among team members. Summary: A: Incorrect. Clients actually benefit from increased satisfaction due to improved care coordination. B: Incorrect. Practice partnership models may require initial investment but yield long-term benefits. D: Incorrect. Leadership acceptance may vary, but the primary benefit lies in improved care continuity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Virginia Henderson is the correct answer because she emphasized the unique role of nursing in helping individuals achieve independence in meeting their basic needs. Henderson's theory focuses on the holistic approach to patient care, highlighting the importance of individualized care and the nurse's role in assisting patients to reach their optimal health potential. Florence Nightingale, known as the founder of modern nursing, focused on sanitation and environmental factors in health care. Martha Rogers emphasized the interconnectedness of humans with their environment. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory, which is more aligned with psychology than nursing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decrease in capillary refill time. Administering 0.9% sodium chloride helps to increase blood volume and improve tissue perfusion, leading to a decrease in capillary refill time. This improvement indicates that the treatment was successful in addressing the fluid volume deficit. A: Increase in hematocrit would not be an immediate indication of the success of fluid resuscitation as it may take time for the hematocrit levels to reflect changes in blood volume. B: Increase in respiratory rate could indicate respiratory distress or other issues not related to the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation. C: Decrease in heart rate could be due to various factors and may not directly correlate with the success of fluid replacement therapy. In summary, the most immediate and direct indicator of successful fluid resuscitation in this scenario is a decrease in capillary refill time.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Effective time management reduces stress. This is because when you manage your time well, you are able to prioritize tasks, allocate sufficient time for each activity, and avoid feeling overwhelmed. By having a clear plan and schedule, you can reduce stress levels and increase productivity. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: Time management is not important in nursing - This is incorrect because time management is crucial in nursing to ensure patient care is delivered efficiently. B: Writing goals will increase stress - This is incorrect as setting goals helps in providing direction and motivation, reducing stress in the long run. D: Setting goals is a time waster - This is incorrect because setting goals helps in defining objectives and tracking progress, which is essential for effective time management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Glycosylated hemoglobin level. This test provides an average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months, reflecting long-term glycemic control. It is preferred for monitoring treatment effectiveness in diabetes. Urine dipstick for glucose (A) only detects current glucose levels in urine, not overall control. Oral glucose tolerance test (B) evaluates how the body processes glucose, not long-term control. Fasting blood glucose level (C) provides a snapshot of blood glucose at a specific moment, not long-term control.