ATI RN
Test Bank For Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which drug classes are considered first-line treatment for heart failure? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the treatment of heart failure, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are considered first-line agents due to their proven efficacy in improving symptoms, reducing mortality, and slowing disease progression. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, decreased aldosterone secretion, and reduced sodium and water retention, all of which help improve cardiac function. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are also commonly used in heart failure treatment, but they are typically considered as an alternative to ACE inhibitors in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effects like cough. Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, is not considered a first-line treatment for heart failure. While it can help improve symptoms and decrease hospitalizations in some patients, its use is often reserved for patients who remain symptomatic despite optimal therapy with ACE inhibitors or ARBs, beta-blockers, and diuretics. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind first-line heart failure treatments is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide optimal care to patients with heart failure. Applying evidence-based guidelines and knowing the mechanisms of action of these drugs help in making informed decisions about treatment strategies for individual patients.
Question 2 of 5
Propranolol is classified as having which of the following pharmacological actions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as beta blockers. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of the stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline on the beta receptors in the body. By blocking these receptors, propranolol helps to reduce heart rate, blood pressure, and the workload on the heart, making it effective in the treatment of conditions such as high blood pressure, angina, and certain heart rhythm disorders.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is about to administer Propanolol to a patient. The nurse takes the patient's apical pulse and documents it as 58 bmp. How should the nurse continue?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should withhold administration of the medication and notify the physician. The apical pulse of 58 bpm is below the normal range (60-100 bpm for adults), and propranolol is a beta-blocker that can further decrease the heart rate. Administering propranolol at this low heart rate may cause bradycardia (excessively slow heart rate) which can lead to serious complications. It is important to inform the physician of the low heart rate so that appropriate action or further assessment can be taken before administering the medication.
Question 4 of 5
Propranolol is classi昀椀ed as having which of the following pharmacological actions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol belongs to the class of drugs known as beta blockers. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on beta receptors in the body, resulting in decreased heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. Propranolol is commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and certain cardiac arrhythmias. It is specifically a non-selective beta blocker, meaning it blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors.
Question 5 of 5
What is the therapeutic classification of Furosemide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide belongs to the therapeutic class of diuretics. Diuretics are medications that promote diuresis, which is the increased production of urine. Furosemide specifically belongs to the loop diuretic class, working by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidney, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes. This mechanism makes it a commonly used medication for conditions such as congestive heart failure, edema, and hypertension.