ATI RN
Test Bank For Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Liquid preparation of vegetable drugs prepared by percolation and contains alcohol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this context, a liquid preparation of vegetable drugs prepared by percolation and containing alcohol is known as a fluid extract. Fluid extracts are concentrated herbal extracts that are typically made by percolating a solvent, such as alcohol, through the plant material to extract its active constituents. This process results in a liquid extract that contains the medicinal properties of the plant. Fluid extracts are commonly used in herbal medicine due to their potency and ability to preserve the therapeutic compounds of the plant.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with colorectal cancer who is to receive fluorouracil. Which symptom will be most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fluorouracil, an antimetabolite chemotherapy drug, can cause myelosuppression, leading to a decrease in platelets (thrombocytopenia). Bleeding gums is a sign of low platelet counts and potential bleeding risk, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly. Nausea, decreased appetite, and constipation are common side effects of chemotherapy but are not as urgent as bleeding gums, which indicates a potential hematologic emergency. The nurse should report this symptom immediately to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and intervention, such as platelet transfusion or dose adjustment.
Question 3 of 5
A dopamine infusion was started in a patient's antecubital vein during resuscitation for profound hypotension, but the electronic infusion device is now sounding an alert for an occlusion. What is the most important immediate concern for the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dopamine is a vasopressor used to treat hypotension by increasing cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. An interruption in the infusion can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure, which is life-threatening in a patient already experiencing profound hypotension. The nurse's immediate concern should be to ensure the infusion is restarted promptly. While infiltration and extravasation (A) are concerns, they are secondary to maintaining the infusion. Reporting the device (C) is not the priority, and hypertension (D) is unlikely due to an occlusion alarm.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is taking infliximab and asks the nurse what side effects/adverse reactions to expect from this drug. The nurse lists which side effects? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infliximab is a biologic medication used to treat autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Common side effects include fatigue and headache, which are generally mild but can affect the patient's quality of life. Chest pain is a less common but serious side effect that may indicate cardiovascular complications or infusion reactions. Nausea is not typically associated with infliximab. Nurses should educate patients about these potential side effects and advise them to report any severe or persistent symptoms, such as chest pain, immediately.
Question 5 of 5
In infants and children, the side effects of first-generation over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and hydroxyzine (Atarax) include:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: First-generation antihistamines can cause paradoxical central nervous system (CNS) stimulation in children, leading to hyperactivity, agitation, and insomnia. This is contrary to their sedative effects in adults. Reye's syndrome is associated with aspirin, not antihistamines. Cholinergic effects and gastrointestinal symptoms are less common in children.