ATI RN
foundations of nursing practice questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
Massage around the feces and work down to remove.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct order for the massage is to start around the feces (4), then work downwards (1), followed by moving towards the sides (5), then back to the top (2), continuing to the sides again (3), and finally finishing at the top (6). This sequence ensures a thorough and effective massage process. Other choices have different orders that do not follow the logical flow of massaging around the feces and working down as specified in the question.
Question 2 of 9
A patient who has been experiencing numerous episodes of unexplained headaches and vomiting has subsequently been referred for testing to rule out a brain tumor. What characteristic of the patients vomiting is most consistent with a brain tumor?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The patient's vomiting is unrelated to food intake. In the context of a brain tumor, vomiting that is not related to food intake can indicate increased intracranial pressure affecting the brain's vomiting center. This is known as projectile vomiting. A: Vomiting accompanied by epistaxis (nosebleeds) is more indicative of other conditions like hypertension or nasal issues, not necessarily specific to a brain tumor. B: Vomiting not relieving nausea can be seen in various conditions affecting the gastrointestinal system, not specifically brain tumors. D: Blood-tinged emesis can suggest gastrointestinal bleeding or other issues, but it's not a specific characteristic of vomiting associated with brain tumors.
Question 3 of 9
A patient who has had a lumpectomy calls the clinic to talk to the nurse. The patient tells the nurse that she has developed a tender area on her breast that is red and warm and looks like someone drew a line with a red marker. What would the nurse suspect is the womans problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mondor disease. This condition presents as a superficial thrombophlebitis of the breast veins, causing a tender, red, warm, cord-like area resembling a red line. This is typically benign and self-limiting. B: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the breast is unlikely as it typically involves deeper veins in the extremities. C: Recurrent malignancy is less likely as the symptoms described are more indicative of a benign condition like Mondor disease. D: An area of fat necrosis is also less likely as it usually presents as a painless, firm lump rather than a red, warm, tender area.
Question 4 of 9
A patients most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that his lung cancer has metastasized to his bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the patients cancer cells spread?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hematologic spread. In this case, the cancer cells have traveled through the bloodstream to reach the bones and liver. This process is known as hematologic spread, where cancer cells enter the blood vessels and spread to distant organs. Lymphatic circulation (B) involves the spread of cancer cells through the lymphatic system, which is less likely in this scenario. Invasion (C) refers to cancer cells infiltrating nearby tissues, not distant organs. Angiogenesis (D) is the process of new blood vessel formation to support tumor growth, but it does not explain the spread of cancer cells to other organs.
Question 5 of 9
The nurse is admitting a 55-year-old male patient diagnosed with a retinal detachment in his left eye. While assessing this patient, what characteristic symptom would the nurse expect to find?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why A is correct: 1. Retinal detachment causes traction on the retina. 2. Traction on the retina can stimulate photoreceptors. 3. Stimulation of photoreceptors can lead to perception of flashing lights. 4. Therefore, the characteristic symptom of retinal detachment is flashing lights in the visual field. Summary: B: Sudden eye pain is not a characteristic symptom of retinal detachment. C: Loss of color vision is not typically associated with retinal detachment. D: Colored halos around lights are more indicative of conditions like glaucoma or corneal edema, not retinal detachment.
Question 6 of 9
After contributing to the care of several patients who died in the hospital, the nurse has identified some lapses in the care that many of these patients received toward the end of their lives. What have research studies identified as a potential deficiency in the care of the dying in hospital settings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Research studies have consistently shown that families' needs for information and support often go unmet in hospital settings when caring for dying patients. This is a crucial deficiency as effective communication and support for families can greatly impact the quality of care provided to the dying patient. When families are not adequately informed and supported, it can lead to increased stress, confusion, and dissatisfaction with the care provided. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific deficiency identified in research studies. While pain control, communication, and attention from caregivers are important aspects of end-of-life care, the primary focus in this scenario is on the unmet needs of families for information and support. Ignoring families' needs can have significant negative consequences on the overall care provided to the dying patient.
Question 7 of 9
A patient with a family history of allergies has suffered an allergic response based on a genetic predisposition. This atopic response is usually mediated by what immunoglobulin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Immunoglobulin E. The atopic response in allergies is mainly mediated by IgE antibodies. IgE binds to allergens and triggers the release of histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic symptoms. IgA is mainly found in mucosal areas, IgM is involved in early immune responses, and IgG is important for long-term immunity. IgE is specifically associated with allergic reactions due to its role in sensitizing mast cells and basophils to allergens.
Question 8 of 9
A nurse needs to know how to find, evaluate, and use information effectively.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clinical decision support system. A clinical decision support system is a type of system or design that helps healthcare professionals, including nurses, in making clinical decisions by providing them with relevant information and knowledge. This system assists in analyzing data to generate patient-specific recommendations or alerts to improve patient care. In the given scenario, the nurse's need to find, evaluate, and use information effectively aligns with the purpose of a clinical decision support system. This system enables the nurse to access evidence-based information, guidelines, and recommendations to enhance their decision-making process and improve patient outcomes. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Computer competency does not equate to informatics competency. While computer skills are important, informatics involves a deeper understanding of using information effectively in practice. B: This choice provides a detailed explanation of informatics but does not directly address the type of system or design the nurse would be using to find, evaluate, and use information effectively. D: Nursing process
Question 9 of 9
A patient has sought care, stating that she developed hives overnight. The nurses inspection confirms the presence of urticaria. What type of allergic hypersensitivity reaction has the patient developed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Type I hypersensitivity reaction. This type of reaction involves the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils, leading to symptoms like hives. It is characterized by the involvement of IgE antibodies. In this case, the patient developed hives quickly after exposure to the allergen, indicating an immediate hypersensitivity reaction typical of Type I. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are associated with different mechanisms and timeframes of hypersensitivity reactions. Type II involves antibody-mediated cell destruction, Type III involves immune complex deposition, and Type IV is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T cells, none of which are consistent with the rapid onset of hives seen in this patient.