ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice Exam B Questions
Question 1 of 9
the antidote for Warfarin is?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the body's ability to use vitamin K to form clotting factors. In cases of excessive anticoagulation or bleeding due to Warfarin, the antidote is vitamin K. Vitamin K helps the body produce clotting factors, thereby reversing the effects of Warfarin and promoting the blood to clot normally. Other medications like Narcan, Glucagon, and Vitamin B do not have a direct antidote effect for Warfarin toxicity.
Question 2 of 9
the antidote for Warfarin is?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the body's ability to use vitamin K to form clotting factors. In cases of excessive anticoagulation or bleeding due to Warfarin, the antidote is vitamin K. Vitamin K helps the body produce clotting factors, thereby reversing the effects of Warfarin and promoting the blood to clot normally. Other medications like Narcan, Glucagon, and Vitamin B do not have a direct antidote effect for Warfarin toxicity.
Question 3 of 9
The nurse assumes care of a patient in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). The patient had abdominal surgery and is receiving intravenous morphine sulfate for pain. The patient is asleep and has not voided since prior to surgery. The nurse assesses a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute and notes hypoactive bowel sounds. The nurse will contact the surgeon primarily to report which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most critical condition that the nurse should report to the surgeon in this scenario is respiratory depression. Respiratory depression is a potential side effect of opioid medications such as morphine sulfate. It is characterized by a decreased respiratory rate, which in this case, is 10 breaths per minute, indicating inadequate ventilation. Respiratory depression can lead to hypoxia and respiratory arrest if not promptly addressed. The nurse should prioritize notifying the surgeon to ensure immediate intervention and appropriate monitoring to prevent further complications for the patient. While the other conditions (paralytic ileus, somnolence, and urinary retention) are also relevant to the patient's care, respiratory depression poses the most immediate threat to the patient's safety and requires urgent attention.
Question 4 of 9
What is the category class of Valproate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Valproate belongs to the category class of anticonvulsants, which are medications primarily used to treat seizures and epilepsy. Valproate is also used as a treatment for vascular headaches, such as migraines. It is not categorized as an anticoagulant, antianxiety medication (such as benzodiazepines), or a mood stabilizer.
Question 5 of 9
A patient will be taking niacin as part of antilipemic therapy. What is the best way to avoid problems with flushing or pruritus?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking niacin with a full glass of water on an empty stomach can help reduce the risk of flushing or pruritus, which are common side effects of niacin. Additionally, starting with a low initial dose and increasing gradually as tolerated can also help minimize these side effects. Niacin can cause vasodilation, leading to flushing and itching, so taking it with water and on an empty stomach can help alleviate these symptoms.
Question 6 of 9
A drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity is known as a partial agonist. Affinity refers to the drug's ability to bind to a receptor, while intrinsic activity is the drug's ability to activate the receptor and produce a response. A partial agonist binds to the receptor with affinity but only activates the receptor to a partial extent compared to a full agonist. This results in a less potent response compared to a full agonist but also blocks the full agonist's effects, making it act as an antagonist in the presence of a full agonist. In summary, a drug that has both affinity and intrinsic activity is classified as a partial agonist because it binds to the receptor and activates it but to a lesser extent than a full agonist.
Question 7 of 9
A 13-year-old boy with moderate asthma presents to the clinic for follow-up. His symptoms appear to be better controlled since adding salmeterol to his regimen. He has had to use his rescue inhaler once over the past 2 weeks during exertion. His breathing at night has improved as well. How does salmeterol exhibit its beneficial effects for asthma?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 8 of 9
The patient is receiving lithium (Eskalith) and asks the nurse why he has to have blood drawn so often. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lithium's narrow therapeutic range (0.6-1.2 mEq/L) requires frequent blood draws to ensure levels stay safe and effective, preventing toxicity (e.g., tremors) or subtherapeutic dosing. Side effects are monitored clinically, not just by blood. Effectiveness and response tie to levels, but ‘correct amount' is precise, addressing the patient's query directly about monitoring's purpose.
Question 9 of 9
An 18-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician after experiencing a one-sided headache for the fourth time in the last 2 years. Her headaches have all been similar in nature. She says the pain is worst right behind her eye and that she feels nauseous and cannot stand bright lights or loud noises while she is having a headache. The physician prescribes sumatriptan. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Migraine symptoms (unilateral pain, photophobia, nausea) respond to sumatriptan, a 5-HT1B/1D agonist. Option , blocking serotonin-mediated nociceptive signaling, is correct-sumatriptan constricts cranial vessels and inhibits trigeminal pain pathways. Option , COX blockade, is NSAIDs' mechanism. Option , prostaglandin synthesis, is similar. Options and (E), opioid receptor stimulation, are unrelated. Sumatriptan's serotonin action targets migraine-specific pathophysiology, relieving this patient's symptoms.