ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice Exam B Questions
Question 1 of 9
Diazepam (Valium) is prescribed to a client with alcohol withdrawal. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates an understanding of the treatment regimen?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement "I'll have my physician lower my dosage once I start to feel okay" indicates an understanding of the treatment regimen because Diazepam is typically used as a short-term treatment for alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Once the client starts to feel okay, it is important to gradually taper off the medication under the guidance of a healthcare provider to prevent withdrawal symptoms. This demonstrates the client's understanding of the appropriate course of treatment and the need for medical supervision throughout the process.
Question 2 of 9
Diazepam (Valium) is prescribed to a client with alcohol withdrawal. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates an understanding of the treatment regimen?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement "I'll have my physician lower my dosage once I start to feel okay" indicates an understanding of the treatment regimen because Diazepam is typically used as a short-term treatment for alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Once the client starts to feel okay, it is important to gradually taper off the medication under the guidance of a healthcare provider to prevent withdrawal symptoms. This demonstrates the client's understanding of the appropriate course of treatment and the need for medical supervision throughout the process.
Question 3 of 9
The nurse assumes care of a patient in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). The patient had abdominal surgery and is receiving intravenous morphine sulfate for pain. The patient is asleep and has not voided since prior to surgery. The nurse assesses a respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute and notes hypoactive bowel sounds. The nurse will contact the surgeon primarily to report which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most critical condition that the nurse should report to the surgeon in this scenario is respiratory depression. Respiratory depression is a potential side effect of opioid medications such as morphine sulfate. It is characterized by a decreased respiratory rate, which in this case, is 10 breaths per minute, indicating inadequate ventilation. Respiratory depression can lead to hypoxia and respiratory arrest if not promptly addressed. The nurse should prioritize notifying the surgeon to ensure immediate intervention and appropriate monitoring to prevent further complications for the patient. While the other conditions (paralytic ileus, somnolence, and urinary retention) are also relevant to the patient's care, respiratory depression poses the most immediate threat to the patient's safety and requires urgent attention.
Question 4 of 9
Which of the following antipsychotic agents is available in a LAI formulation that may be useful for patients with difficulty adhering to therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Risperidone, a second-generation antipsychotic, offers a long-acting injectable (LAI) formulation (e.g., Risperdal Consta), administered every two weeks, improving adherence in schizophrenia patients with poor oral compliance. Asenapine is sublingual, not LAI. Chlorpromazine, a first-generation drug, lacks an LAI form. Clozapine, effective for treatment-resistant cases, is oral only due to agranulocytosis monitoring. Quetiapine has no LAI. Risperidone's LAI ensures steady drug levels, reducing relapse risk, making it ideal for adherence challenges, per clinical use.
Question 5 of 9
What is the category class of Valproate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Valproate belongs to the category class of anticonvulsants, which are medications primarily used to treat seizures and epilepsy. Valproate is also used as a treatment for vascular headaches, such as migraines. It is not categorized as an anticoagulant, antianxiety medication (such as benzodiazepines), or a mood stabilizer.
Question 6 of 9
Which location is the area where the highest percentage of sodium and water are resorbed back into the bloodstream?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The highest percentage of sodium and water resorption back into the bloodstream occurs in the proximal tubule of the nephron. The proximal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing about 65-75% of the filtered sodium and water, along with various other solutes. It has a high density of microvilli, which increases its surface area for efficient reabsorption. Additionally, the proximal tubule plays a vital role in maintaining the body's fluid and electrolyte balance by reclaiming essential substances from the filtrate before it moves further along the nephron.
Question 7 of 9
The client has osteomalacia, and the physician has ordered a treatment to restore calcium balance. What will the nurse plan to administer to the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 8 of 9
Regarding diazepam:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, has active metabolites (e.g., desmethyldiazepam) with longer half-lives, contributing to its effects, so that's false. Activated charcoal is effective in overdose by adsorbing diazepam, reducing absorption, a true statement and standard intervention. It undergoes minimal, not extensive, enterohepatic recirculation, making that false. It's a GABA agonist, enhancing chloride influx via benzodiazepine receptors, not an antagonist, so that's incorrect. It also inhibits spinal reflexes, aiding muscle relaxation. The overdose utility of charcoal highlights its role in emergency management, binding unabsorbed drug in the gut, a key pharmacokinetic intervention distinct from flumazenil reversal.
Question 9 of 9
A patient will be taking niacin as part of antilipemic therapy. What is the best way to avoid problems with flushing or pruritus?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking niacin with a full glass of water on an empty stomach can help reduce the risk of flushing or pruritus, which are common side effects of niacin. Additionally, starting with a low initial dose and increasing gradually as tolerated can also help minimize these side effects. Niacin can cause vasodilation, leading to flushing and itching, so taking it with water and on an empty stomach can help alleviate these symptoms.