When a nurse uses therapeutic communication with a withdrawn patient who has major depression, an effective method of managing the silence is to:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Use the technique of making observations. This is effective because it acknowledges the patient's silence and encourages them to open up without pressuring them to respond. By making observations, the nurse can reflect back what they see, hear, or sense, prompting the patient to share more. A: Meditating does not actively engage the patient or encourage communication. B: Asking questions may overwhelm the withdrawn patient and further discourage them from opening up. D: Simply sitting quietly and leaving when the patient falls asleep does not actively support the patient in engaging in therapeutic communication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Distended bladder, constipation, or nausea. These conditions can cause discomfort and affect the patient's level of consciousness, anxiety, or agitation. Addressing these reversible conditions can improve the patient's overall well-being. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Inability to communicate does not directly address the reversible physical conditions affecting the patient's symptoms. C: Reduced urinary output may be a symptom of underlying issues, but it does not directly address the reversible conditions mentioned in the question. D: Weakness due to the dying process is a natural progression and not a reversible condition that responds to treatment to improve the patient's symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because in the nursing process, cues are indeed analyzed during the assessment phase to gather data and identify patient needs. This step is crucial for developing an accurate nursing diagnosis and planning appropriate interventions. Choice B is incorrect as hypotheses are formed during the planning phase, not evaluation. Choice C is incorrect because nurses use a combination of primary and secondary data. Choice D is incorrect as unmet goals are not automatically discontinued but rather reassessed and modified as needed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the goal of the cognitive-behavioral theory model according to Beck and Ellis is to substitute rational beliefs for irrational ones and eliminate self-defeating behaviors. This approach focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to emotional distress and maladaptive behaviors. By replacing irrational beliefs with rational ones, individuals can improve their mental health and overall well-being. A: Developing satisfactory relationships, maturity, and freedom from anxiety is more aligned with a humanistic or social learning theory perspective, not specifically cognitive-behavioral theory. C: Facing reality and developing standards for behaving responsibly is important but not the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy. D: Reducing bodily tensions and managing stress through biofeedback and relaxation training is more related to relaxation techniques and stress management, not the core focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Approving/disapproving." Reassuring involves alleviating anxiety, similarly, sanctioning or denouncing client's ideas or behaviors involves showing approval or disapproval. Approving/disapproving directly relates to sanctioning or denouncing, making it the most fitting analogy. B: "Rejecting" is incorrect because it implies a complete dismissal rather than expressing approval or disapproval. C: "Interpreting" is incorrect as it involves explaining or deciphering the meaning rather than showing approval or disapproval. D: "Probing" is incorrect as it refers to asking questions or investigating further, which is not related to expressing approval or disapproval.