A nurse is focusing on improving the ability to multitask without losing focus and to turn problems into opportunities. Which of the following leadership theories describes the nurse’s focus?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Transformational leadership theory. This theory emphasizes the leader's ability to inspire and motivate followers to exceed their own self-interests for the good of the organization. In this scenario, the nurse's focus on improving multitasking and problem-solving aligns with the transformational leader's goal of empowering others to innovate and tackle challenges. Emotional intelligence (A) focuses on understanding and managing emotions, not specifically on multitasking or problem-solving. Motivation theory (B) addresses the factors that drive behavior but doesn't necessarily encompass multitasking and problem-solving skills. Situational leadership theory (C) emphasizes adapting leadership style to fit the situation, not specifically on improving multitasking and problem-solving abilities.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (Values and Vision & Mission statements) because they are essential components of strategic planning. Values guide decision-making and behavior, ensuring alignment with the organization's principles. Vision & Mission statements define the organization's purpose, goals, and direction, providing a roadmap for strategic decisions. Reengineering (choice C) is not a typical component of strategic planning as it focuses on process improvement rather than guiding the overall strategy. Choice A (Values) alone is not sufficient for strategic planning without a clear direction provided by Vision & Mission statements (B), making D the most comprehensive and accurate choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because in a high-volume maternity unit that uses differentiated practice, new graduates can expect their initial level of practice responsibility to be limited. This is because differentiated practice involves assigning tasks based on the individual nurse's skills and experience level. New graduates are typically assigned less complex tasks initially to ensure patient safety. Choice A is incorrect because evidence-based practice and risk management principles are not directly related to the staffing model being used. Choice B is incorrect because client teaching is typically a shared responsibility among all team members, not solely the team leader. Choice D is incorrect because in differentiated practice, client assignments are based on individual skills and competencies, not seniority.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: middle-level manager. Middle-level managers oversee first-level managers and coordinate activities within related specialties. They bridge the gap between top-level executives and front-line employees, ensuring organizational goals are met. A: Self-directed managers work autonomously, not supervising other managers. B: First-level managers supervise front-line employees, not other managers. D: Self-motivated is a personal trait and not a managerial level.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Total quality management. This approach focuses on meeting customer needs and continuous improvement. By allowing the client to rest, the nurse is prioritizing the client's comfort and well-being, which aligns with the principles of total quality management. Continuous quality improvement (A) focuses on incremental improvements, Six Sigma (C) aims to reduce defects, and Quality management (D) is a broader term that encompasses various quality approaches.