ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
What type of stroke is caused by a blockage in an artery supplying blood to the brain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ischemic stroke. This type of stroke is caused by a blockage in an artery supplying blood to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. This blockage can be due to a blood clot or plaque buildup. Ischemic strokes account for the majority of stroke cases.
Incorrect choices:
B: Hemorrhagic stroke - This type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding in the brain.
C: Transient ischemic attack - Also known as a mini-stroke, it is caused by a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, often resolving on its own without permanent damage.
D: Embolism - This refers to a condition where a blood clot or other foreign material travels through the bloodstream and blocks a blood vessel in the brain.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following conditions is identified by a P wave notch in the ECG of a client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A P wave notch on an ECG suggests mitral stenosis, indicating delayed conduction through the atria.
Question 3 of 5
What is a condition where the heart muscle becomes thickened without an obvious cause, leading to a reduction in the heart's ability to pump blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In this condition, the heart muscle becomes thickened, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. This is due to genetic mutations causing the muscle cells to grow abnormally. This leads to poor relaxation and filling of the heart, impairing its pumping function.
B: Dilated cardiomyopathy involves the heart muscle becoming weak and stretched, leading to reduced pumping ability.
C: Restrictive cardiomyopathy involves the heart muscle becoming stiff and rigid, impairing its ability to fill with blood properly.
D: Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle, typically caused by infections or autoimmune conditions, leading to temporary reduction in heart function.
Hence, the correct answer is A as it specifically describes the scenario of a thickened heart muscle without an obvious cause impacting the heart's pumping ability.
Question 4 of 5
What is a condition where the right side of the heart fails due to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, often caused by chronic lung disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cor pulmonale. Cor pulmonale is right-sided heart failure due to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, typically caused by chronic lung disease. This leads to the right side of the heart working harder to pump blood through the lungs, resulting in eventual failure. Pulmonary embolism (
C) is a sudden blockage in the pulmonary artery, not a chronic condition. Heart failure (
B) is a general term for when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, not specific to the right side. Myocarditis (
D) is inflammation of the heart muscle, not directly related to pulmonary hypertension.
Question 5 of 5
Which valves close during ventricular systole and open during ventricular diastole?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During ventricular systole, the atrioventricular valves (AV valves) close to prevent blood from flowing back into the atria. This allows the ventricles to contract and pump blood out of the heart. During ventricular diastole, the AV valves open to allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles. The other choices are incorrect because semilunar valves (choice
A) close to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles during ventricular diastole, and the mitral valve (choice
C) and tricuspid valve (choice
D) are specific types of AV valves.