Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreases blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers primarily work by relaxing the blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.
Choice A, 'Decreases heart rate,' is incorrect because calcium channel blockers do not significantly affect heart rate.
Choice B, 'Increases heart rate,' is incorrect as calcium channel blockers do not have a primary effect of increasing heart rate.
Choice C, 'Increases blood pressure,' is incorrect as the primary effect of calcium channel blockers is to decrease blood pressure by vasodilation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Arrhythmia is the correct answer because it refers to an irregular or abnormal heart rhythm, which can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or erratically. Hypertension (choice
B) is high blood pressure and not directly related to irregular heart rhythm. Tachycardia (choice
C) is a condition where the heart beats too quickly, not necessarily irregularly. Bradycardia (choice
D) is a condition where the heart beats too slowly, not necessarily irregularly.
Therefore, only arrhythmia (choice
A) fits the description provided in the question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Afterload is the correct answer because it refers to the pressure or tension that the ventricle must overcome during systole to eject blood into the aorta. Preload, on the other hand, is the degree of stretch of the ventricular muscle at the end of diastole before it contracts. Automaticity is the ability of the heart to generate electrical impulses independently, and ejection fraction is the percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each heartbeat.
Therefore, in the context of the question, afterload best describes the amount of tension the ventricle must develop to eject blood into the aorta.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the correct answer. In this condition, the heart muscle becomes abnormally thickened, leading to difficulties in pumping blood efficiently. Dilated cardiomyopathy (choice
B) involves the enlargement of the heart chambers, not thickening of the heart muscle. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (choice
C) is characterized by stiffening of the heart muscle, impairing its ability to fill properly. Ventricular hypertrophy (choice
D) refers to the thickening of the heart's ventricle walls, which can result from various conditions, not solely hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A lobectomy is the correct answer. This surgical procedure involves removing one of the lobes of the lungs, commonly done to treat lung cancer or other serious lung ailments.
Choice B, pneumonectomy, involves the complete removal of a lung, not just a lobe.
Choice C, thoracotomy, is a surgical incision into the chest wall and is not specific to removing a lung lobe.
Choice D, tracheostomy, is the creation of an opening in the windpipe to assist with breathing and is unrelated to lung lobe removal.