A nurse is teaching a patient with a history of hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it indicates a misunderstanding about hypertension management. Patients should continue taking medication even if blood pressure is normal to prevent future complications. Monitoring blood pressure regularly (A) is important for tracking progress. Taking medication as prescribed (B) is crucial for controlling blood pressure. Reducing sodium intake (D) helps lower blood pressure. Choice C is incorrect as stopping medication prematurely can lead to uncontrolled hypertension.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decrease intake of saturated fats. Saturated fats can raise cholesterol levels, leading to increased risk of heart disease and hypertension. Decreasing intake of saturated fats can help lower blood pressure. Incorrect choices: A: Increasing intake of foods high in sodium can worsen hypertension by increasing blood pressure. C: Increasing intake of processed foods often leads to higher sodium and saturated fat intake, worsening hypertension. D: Decreasing intake of fiber is not ideal as fiber helps in maintaining a healthy weight and managing blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clustering-related cues. This critical thinking skill helps the nurse recognize relationships among data by grouping related information together. This aids in identifying patterns, connections, and trends within the data, leading to a better understanding of the situation. Validation (A) involves confirming the accuracy of data, not necessarily recognizing relationships. Identifying gaps in data (C) focuses on missing information rather than relationships among existing data. Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant (D) is important but does not directly address recognizing relationships among data. In summary, clustering-related cues (B) is the most relevant skill for recognizing relationships among data in critical thinking.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because in Vietnamese culture, touching or examining the fontanelles (soft spots on a baby's head) is considered disrespectful and potentially harmful. This is due to the belief that the fontanelles are fragile and touching them can impact the baby's health. It is crucial for the nurse to respect and be sensitive to the cultural beliefs and practices of the mother to establish trust and provide culturally competent care. Choice B is incorrect because there is no specific cultural taboo in Vietnamese culture about touching the infant's diaper area during examination. Choice C is incorrect as assuming that the husband should be the primary communicator of medical information goes against the principle of patient autonomy. Choice D is incorrect as there is no indication that Vietnamese mothers prefer written reports over verbal communication regarding their child's growth and development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dry mucous membranes. Dry mucous membranes are a common sign of dehydration as the body lacks adequate fluid. When a person is dehydrated, there is a decrease in saliva production, leading to dryness in the mouth and throat. This can be easily observed during a physical examination by looking at the patient's lips, tongue, and inside of the mouth. On the other hand, increased urine output (choice A) is a sign of adequate hydration, decreased heart rate (choice B) can be a normal response to dehydration but is not a consistent indicator, and increased blood pressure (choice D) is not typically associated with dehydration. Therefore, dry mucous membranes are the most reliable finding to suggest dehydration in a patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because all aspects of mental health in children are indeed interrelated. Mental health encompasses various components such as emotional, social, and psychological well-being, which are interconnected and influence each other. Understanding and assessing mental health in children require considering the holistic picture. Choice B is incorrect because children are not inherently labile and unstable until the age of 2 years. Choice C is incorrect as children's mental health is influenced by various factors beyond just their parents' mental health. Choice D is incorrect because mental health assessment in children can be done using age-appropriate methods even before they develop the ability to concentrate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation. This is the priority intervention because it allows the nurse to assess the patient's current cardiac status and detect any potential complications early. Monitoring vital signs provides crucial information on the patient's cardiovascular stability, while oxygen saturation levels indicate adequate tissue perfusion. Administering pain medication (A) can be important but not the priority. Deep breathing exercises (C) and providing nutritional education (D) are important but not as immediate as monitoring vital signs and oxygen saturation in a patient with a history of myocardial infarction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging early ambulation. This is crucial post-total hip replacement to prevent complications such as blood clots, pneumonia, and muscle weakness. Early ambulation helps improve circulation, prevent stiffness, and promote faster recovery. Monitoring for infection (A) is important but not the top priority. Administering pain medications (C) and wound care (D) are essential but do not address the primary goal of preventing complications post-operatively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it indicates a misunderstanding about hypertension management. Patients should continue taking medication even if blood pressure is normal to prevent future complications. Monitoring blood pressure regularly (A) is important for tracking progress. Taking medication as prescribed (B) is crucial for controlling blood pressure. Reducing sodium intake (D) helps lower blood pressure. Choice C is incorrect as stopping medication prematurely can lead to uncontrolled hypertension.