ATI RN
Psychobiologic Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
Your patient takes tranylcypromine for depression. Which of the following is most likely to indicate dietary restrictions have not been followed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Hypertensive crisis. Tranylcypromine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used to treat depression. MAOIs have significant dietary restrictions due to their potential to interact with certain foods that contain tyramine, leading to a hypertensive crisis. Foods like aged cheese, cured meats, and some beverages need to be avoided to prevent this dangerous interaction. Option B) Syncope, and Option C) Muscle spasms are less likely to be directly related to dietary restrictions in the context of taking tranylcypromine. Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness, often due to a drop in blood pressure or inadequate blood flow to the brain. Muscle spasms can be caused by various factors, but they are not typically associated with dietary restrictions related to MAOI use. Option D) Increased depression is also less likely to be a direct result of not following dietary restrictions with tranylcypromine. While diet can impact mental health, the immediate concern with MAOIs like tranylcypromine is the risk of a hypertensive crisis due to tyramine-containing foods. Educationally, understanding the dietary restrictions associated with specific medications is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure patient safety. In the case of MAOIs, reinforcing the importance of adhering to dietary guidelines can prevent potentially life-threatening complications like hypertensive crises. This knowledge helps healthcare professionals provide comprehensive care and support to patients taking psychobiologic medications.
Question 2 of 5
Your depressed patient is starting a new medication called phenelzine (Nardil). Which teaching would be most important to emphasize?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) Instruct the patient and family about the many food-drug interactions. This teaching is crucial because phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), which interacts with certain foods containing tyramine, leading to a potentially dangerous hypertensive crisis. Educating the patient and family about these interactions is essential to prevent adverse reactions and ensure medication effectiveness. Option A is incorrect because abruptly stopping antidepressants can lead to withdrawal symptoms; however, it is still important to follow the healthcare provider's instructions regarding the duration of treatment. Option C is not the most important teaching for a patient starting phenelzine. While dry mouth is a common side effect, it is manageable compared to the potentially life-threatening food-drug interactions. Option D is also important information for the patient to be aware of, but the critical teaching point in this scenario is the food-drug interactions, which can have immediate and severe consequences if not addressed. In an educational context, emphasizing the significance of understanding food-drug interactions with MAOIs can empower patients to take an active role in their medication management, promoting safety and treatment efficacy. This knowledge equips patients with the tools to make informed decisions and prevent harmful outcomes while undergoing treatment for psychobiologic disorders.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse knows that the two factors that often differentiate major depression from dysthymia depression are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the context of psychobiologic disorders, it is crucial for nurses to understand the differences between major depression and dysthymia depression. The correct answer to this question is option C: Severity and duration of symptoms. This is because the key differentiating factors between major depression and dysthymia depression lie in the severity and duration of symptoms. Major depression is characterized by the presence of severe symptoms that significantly impact a person's ability to function in daily life. These symptoms are usually present for a defined period, typically at least two weeks. On the other hand, dysthymia depression is characterized by milder symptoms that may not be as debilitating but persist for a much longer duration, usually for at least two years. Option A is incorrect because mania is a feature of bipolar disorder, not depression. Option B is incorrect as anger and guilt can be present in both major depression and dysthymia depression. Option D is incorrect as gender and age are not the primary factors that differentiate between major depression and dysthymia depression. Understanding these distinctions is essential for nurses in assessing, diagnosing, and providing appropriate care for patients with different types of depressive disorders. By recognizing the severity and duration of symptoms, nurses can better tailor interventions and support to meet the specific needs of individuals experiencing major depression or dysthymia depression.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following meal choices indicates the patient understands the diet restrictions when taking an MAOI?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) Fried fish, rice, and cola. When taking an MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor), it is crucial to adhere to a tyramine-restricted diet to prevent a hypertensive crisis. Foods rich in tyramine, like aged cheeses, cured meats, and alcoholic beverages, should be avoided. Option A includes pepperoni pizza and beer, both high in tyramine. Option B includes roast chicken, a safer choice, but beer is still high in tyramine. Option D includes pickled herring and coffee, which are also high in tyramine. Educationally, understanding the dietary restrictions when taking an MAOI is vital for patient safety. Teaching patients about these restrictions can prevent adverse reactions and complications. By choosing option C, the patient demonstrates an appropriate meal choice with low tyramine content, promoting safe medication use. It is essential for healthcare providers to educate patients on medication-specific dietary guidelines to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and prevent potential harm.
Question 5 of 5
Your new patient is admitted with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Which of the following is he most likely to demonstrate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A) Concrete thinking. Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior. Concrete thinking is a common cognitive symptom seen in individuals with schizophrenia. This type of thinking is literal and lacks abstract reasoning, leading to difficulties in understanding metaphors, sarcasm, or symbolic language. Option B) Effective ego boundaries is incorrect because individuals with schizophrenia often experience a blurring of ego boundaries, leading to challenges in distinguishing between self and external reality. This can manifest as hallucinations or delusions. Option C) Inflated self-image is incorrect as individuals with schizophrenia commonly struggle with low self-esteem and may experience feelings of worthlessness or inadequacy due to the symptoms of the disorder. Option D) Fatigue and loss of appetite are physical symptoms that can occur in schizophrenia due to disrupted sleep patterns, medication side effects, or disorganized thinking impacting self-care, but they are not the most characteristic manifestations of the disorder. Educationally, understanding the symptoms and characteristics of schizophrenia is crucial for healthcare providers to effectively assess, diagnose, and provide appropriate care for patients with this disorder. Recognizing concrete thinking as a common feature of schizophrenia can aid in early identification and intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of care.