Your patient is on the medication Lithium for bipolar I disorder. What major side e昀昀ect should you monitor the patient for?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lithium is a medication commonly used to treat bipolar disorder. One of the major side effects of lithium therapy is the risk of developing seizures, especially when the blood level of lithium becomes too high (lithium toxicity). Therefore, it is crucial to monitor patients on lithium therapy for signs of seizures, such as convulsions, loss of consciousness, or twitching. Monitoring lithium levels regularly and adjusting the dosage as needed can help reduce the risk of seizures in patients taking this medication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring blood glucose (A) is critical because TPN can cause hyperglycemia. Measuring intake and output (B) helps assess fluid balance. Monitoring the insertion site (D) is essential to detect infection or infiltration. Blood should never be administered through the TPN line (C) due to risk of contamination.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sympathomimetic amines are compounds that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. Options A, C, D, and E (epinephrine, norepinephrine, levonordefrin, and phenylephrine) are all sympathomimetic amines commonly used in dentistry for their vasoconstrictive properties. Felypressin, on the other hand, is a synthetic vasopressin analog and does not have sympathomimetic properties. It is commonly used in dentistry as a local vasoconstrictor to prolong the anesthetic effect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Intravenous nitroglycerin can be given in infusions with other medications, such as saline or dextrose solutions, to manage acute conditions like acute myocardial infarction. Combining nitroglycerin with other medications in an infusion is a common practice to treat patients in critical conditions and optimize therapy. This allows healthcare providers to administer multiple medications simultaneously through the same IV line, ensuring prompt and effective treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Levothyroxine replaces thyroid hormone, requiring optimal absorption for efficacy. Taking it on an empty stomach in the morning avoids interference from food (e.g., calcium, iron), which reduces uptake, ensuring consistent T4 levels. With breakfast or dinner , absorption drops due to dietary interactions, risking subtherapeutic effects. At bedtime is viable but less ideal if food was recent, and morning aligns with circadian thyroid function. This timing leverages levothyroxine's pharmacokinetics'long half-life but sensitivity to gut contents'maximizing bioavailability. Instructing this prevents treatment failure in hypothyroidism, where precise dosing matters, making C the best time for administration and client education.