Your patient is experiencing exacerbations of systemic lupus erythematosus. What would you expect the physician to prescribe?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a patient experiencing exacerbations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the physician would likely prescribe corticosteroids (Option B). This is because corticosteroids are commonly used in the treatment of SLE to help reduce inflammation and suppress the overactive immune response that characterizes the disease. They are effective in managing symptoms such as joint pain, fatigue, and skin rashes associated with SLE. Option A, antiemetics, are medications used to manage nausea and vomiting, which are not typically primary symptoms of SLE exacerbations. Option C, antineoplastics, are used to treat cancer and are not indicated for SLE. Option D, antibiotics, are used to treat bacterial infections and do not target the underlying autoimmune mechanisms involved in SLE. From an educational perspective, understanding the rationale behind the choice of corticosteroids for SLE exacerbations helps reinforce the principles of autoimmune disease management and pharmacological interventions. It highlights the importance of targeting the specific pathophysiology of a condition to achieve optimal treatment outcomes. This knowledge is essential for healthcare professionals caring for patients with autoimmune disorders like SLE.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C: First thing in the morning on an empty stomach with a full glass of water, 30 to 60 minutes before eating, and without lying down. This is because bisphosphonate medications have specific instructions for optimal absorption and effectiveness. Taking them on an empty stomach ensures proper absorption as food can interfere with the absorption of these medications. Additionally, the patient should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking bisphosphonates to prevent esophageal irritation. Option A (On a full stomach) is incorrect as taking bisphosphonates with food can decrease their absorption and effectiveness. Option B (Just before getting into bed) is also incorrect as lying down immediately after taking bisphosphonates can increase the risk of esophageal irritation. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand the administration guidelines for medications to ensure their therapeutic effects. Teaching patients the correct timing and conditions for taking bisphosphonates is essential for optimal treatment outcomes in osteoporosis management. This knowledge helps prevent potential side effects and ensures the medication works as intended to improve bone health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In treating cellulitis, the appropriate option is B) Antibiotics, such as cephalexin, and over-the-counter analgesics. Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that requires antibiotics to target and eradicate the bacterial infection. Antibiotics like cephalexin are effective against the most common bacteria causing cellulitis. Over-the-counter analgesics help manage pain and inflammation associated with the infection. Option A) Petrolatum and vitamin A and D ointment is incorrect because these do not treat the underlying bacterial infection in cellulitis. Option C) Weight-bearing exercises and diuretics like furosemide are unrelated and not appropriate for treating cellulitis. Option D) Wet to dry dressings and steroids are not recommended for cellulitis treatment as wet to dry dressings can be too harsh on the skin, and steroids can suppress the immune response needed to fight the infection. Educationally, understanding the appropriate treatment for cellulitis is crucial for healthcare providers to effectively manage and treat patients with this condition. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of cellulitis, initiate proper treatment promptly, and monitor the patient's response to therapy to prevent complications and promote recovery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In caring for a patient with a new fracture, the first priority is to assess circulation and sensation distal to the fracture site. This is crucial to ensure adequate blood flow and nerve function, which are essential for tissue viability. By assessing circulation and sensation, healthcare providers can quickly identify any signs of compromised blood flow or nerve damage, which could lead to serious complications if not addressed promptly. Option A, assessing respiratory rate and effort, as well as pulse, is important but not the first priority in the care of a new fracture. While these parameters are vital for overall patient assessment, they do not directly impact the immediate care needed for a new fracture. Option B, checking the fracture site for bleeding, is also important but typically comes after assessing circulation and sensation distal to the fracture site. Bleeding can be managed effectively once circulation and sensation are assessed and any immediate threats to limb viability are addressed. Option C, looking for signs of infection at the wound site of an open fracture, is also important but falls lower in priority compared to assessing circulation and sensation. Infection control is crucial in fracture care, but immediate attention to circulation and nerve function is paramount to prevent further tissue damage or complications. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind the prioritization of care in a patient with a new fracture is essential for healthcare providers to deliver effective and timely interventions. This knowledge ensures that critical assessments are made promptly to prevent complications and optimize patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option D) Use a mild steroidal cream. Dermatitis is an inflammatory condition of the skin, and the use of a mild steroidal cream can help reduce inflammation, redness, and itching associated with the rash. Steroidal creams work by suppressing the body's immune response that leads to inflammation, providing relief and promoting healing. Option A) Wash the area with an antiseptic soap frequently to keep the area clean is incorrect because while cleanliness is important, using an antiseptic soap can further irritate the skin and worsen the condition. Option B) Using an antifungal ointment is incorrect because dermatitis is not typically caused by a fungal infection, so this would not address the underlying issue. Option C) Using talcum powder to soothe the inflamed skin is incorrect because while talcum powder can help absorb moisture, it does not treat the inflammation associated with dermatitis. From an educational standpoint, it is important to understand the underlying pathophysiology of dermatitis to provide appropriate care. Teaching patients about the proper use of mild steroidal creams, along with factors that can exacerbate dermatitis such as harsh soaps or irritants, can help them manage their condition effectively. It is crucial for healthcare providers to stay updated on evidence-based practices to deliver optimal care to patients with dermatological conditions.