Your patient is complaining of abdominal pain during assessment. What is your priority?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Auscultate to determine changes in bowel sounds. This is the priority because changes in bowel sounds can indicate various conditions like obstruction or peritonitis. It helps in assessing the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Observing the contour of the abdomen (B) and palpating for a mass (C) are important but come after auscultation. Percussing the abdomen (D) is not the priority in this scenario as it does not provide immediate information on the cause of abdominal pain.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: stratified squamous epithelium. The oral cavity and oropharynx are exposed to mechanical stress and potential abrasion from food particles and pathogens, requiring a protective lining. Stratified squamous epithelium is ideal for providing protection due to its multiple layers of cells, with the outermost layer being flat and scale-like. This structure helps to resist damage and maintain integrity in areas of high wear and tear. Simple squamous (A) is too thin and delicate for this function. Simple columnar (B) is typically found in areas involved in absorption and secretion, not in protective roles. Stratified cuboidal (D) is rare in the body and not suited for the mechanical stress experienced in the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: mucus. The esophagus secretes mucus to facilitate the passage of food from the mouth to the stomach, providing lubrication and protection to the esophageal lining. Bile (A) is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, amylase (B) is an enzyme produced by the pancreas to break down carbohydrates in the small intestine, and hydrochloric acid (D) is produced by the stomach to aid in digestion. None of these substances are major secretions of the esophagus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Gastrin is released by the stomach to stimulate gastric acid secretion. 2. Gastrin is also released by the small intestine to regulate digestive processes. 3. Secretin is released by the small intestine to stimulate bicarbonate secretion. 4. Cholecystokinin is released by the small intestine to stimulate bile release. 5. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide is released by the small intestine to inhibit gastric acid secretion. Summary: A: Gastrin is the correct answer as it is released by both the stomach and small intestine. B: Secretin is only released by the small intestine. C: Cholecystokinin is only released by the small intestine. D: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide is only released by the small intestine.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because cholecystokinin inhibits gastric secretions, stimulates pancreatic secretions high in enzymes, and stimulates contraction of the gall bladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. This hormone is released in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the small intestine, leading to the digestion and absorption of these nutrients. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not fully capture the wide range of effects of cholecystokinin. Choice D is also incorrect because it includes the stimulation of bile secretion, which is not a direct effect of cholecystokinin.