Your patient has a GI tract that is functioning, but has the inability to swallow foods. Which is the preferred method of feeding for your patient?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the preferred method of feeding for a patient with the inability to swallow foods is option C) NG feeding (Nasogastric feeding). NG feeding is the correct choice because it allows for the delivery of necessary nutrients directly into the stomach through a tube inserted through the nose. This method ensures that the patient receives essential nutrition while bypassing the oral route, which the patient cannot currently utilize due to the inability to swallow. Option A) TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition) is incorrect in this case because it involves delivering nutrition intravenously, typically used when the GI tract is non-functional or inaccessible. Since the patient's GI tract is functioning, TPN would be an overly invasive and unnecessary method of feeding. Option B) PPN (Partial Parenteral Nutrition) is also not the preferred method in this situation as it is used for short-term nutritional support and may not provide adequate nutrition for a patient who is unable to swallow foods. Option D) Oral liquid supplements are not suitable for a patient who cannot swallow as they still require the patient to ingest the liquid orally, which is not feasible in this case. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate method of feeding based on a patient's condition is crucial for providing optimal care. NG feeding is a common intervention for patients with swallowing difficulties, ensuring they receive the necessary nutrition while supporting their overall health and recovery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: opening into the oropharynx. The fauces are the opening at the back of the mouth that leads into the oropharynx, connecting the mouth to the throat. This is where food and liquid pass through when swallowing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the fauces specifically refer to the opening into the oropharynx, not the space between the cheek and gums, the cavity containing the tongue and teeth, or the opening into the larynx.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the esophagus contains skeletal muscles at the superior end (upper part) for voluntary control during swallowing and smooth muscles at the inferior end (lower part) for involuntary peristalsis to move food to the stomach. This arrangement allows for both conscious and unconscious control of food movement. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: B: The esophagus does have a tunica submucosa, which is important for support and nourishment of the mucosa. C: Villi and microvilli are found in the small intestine, not the esophagus, and they increase surface area for nutrient absorption. D: The esophagus does have a tunica mucosa, which contains mucous glands to aid in lubrication and protection of the lining.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because duodenal cells release secretin in response to low pH in chyme. Secretin inhibits gastric secretions by stimulating the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich fluid to neutralize the acidic chyme. Option A is incorrect because gastric inhibitory polypeptide and cholecystokinin actually stimulate pancreatic secretion, not inhibit gastric secretions. Option B is incorrect as the enterogastric reflex decreases gastric secretions to slow down the rate of emptying the stomach, not increase it. Option D is incorrect because enterogastrone is a hypothetical hormone and not involved in the regulation of gastric secretions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: cholecystokinin; low pH of the chyme. Cholecystokinin is released in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the duodenum. This hormone stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. The low pH of the chyme triggers the release of cholecystokinin as it indicates the presence of undigested fats and proteins, signaling the need for more bile to aid in their digestion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because cholecystokinin is specifically released in response to the low pH of the chyme, not the high pH. Secretin, on the other hand, is released in response to the high pH of the chyme to stimulate bicarbonate release from the pancreas to neutralize the acidic chyme, not for bile secretion.