Your client in crisis is detaching from self. Which psychological ego defense mechanism is this client most likely using?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of family health nursing care, understanding psychological ego defense mechanisms is crucial for assessing and supporting clients in crisis. In this scenario, the client detaching from self is most likely using the defense mechanism of dissociation, making option C the correct answer. Dissociation involves a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. It is a defense mechanism that allows individuals to disconnect from their thoughts, feelings, memories, or sense of identity to avoid emotional distress or overwhelming situations. The client detaching from self suggests a disconnection from their own sense of identity or self-awareness, indicating the use of dissociation as a coping mechanism. Option A, displacement, involves redirecting emotions or impulses from their original source to a substitute target. This defense mechanism is not directly related to the client detaching from self in crisis. Option B, sublimation, involves channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities. While a healthier defense mechanism, it is not reflective of the client's detachment from self in this context. Option D, reaction formation, involves expressing the opposite of one's true feelings. This mechanism is not the most likely choice for a client detaching from self. In an educational context, understanding defense mechanisms helps nurses recognize how individuals cope with stress and psychological challenges. By identifying the defense mechanisms clients employ, nurses can tailor interventions to support clients effectively during times of crisis, promoting holistic and patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Option B) The toddler: 11 to 14 hours a day. Toddlers typically require between 11 to 14 hours of sleep each day for optimal growth, development, and overall health. This age group is in a crucial stage of rapid brain development, physical growth, and skill acquisition, making adequate sleep essential. Option A) The neonate: 10 to 15 hours a day is incorrect because neonates (newborns) actually require a much higher amount of sleep, usually around 16 to 18 hours a day due to their rapid growth and development needs. Option C) The preschool child: 12 to 15 hours a day is incorrect as preschoolers generally need around 10 to 13 hours of sleep, slightly less than toddlers, as they grow older and their sleep patterns change. Option D) The school-age child: Less than 8 hours a day is incorrect because school-age children, typically between 6 to 12 years old, actually need about 9 to 12 hours of sleep for optimal health and functioning, not less than 8 hours a day. Understanding the appropriate amount of sleep needed for different age groups is crucial for family health nurses to educate parents and caregivers on promoting healthy sleep habits in children, which directly impacts their growth, development, behavior, and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Give the Benadryl because sleep inducement is an accepted off-label use of this medication. In family health nursing care, it is important to understand that certain medications, like diphenhydramine (Benadryl), can have off-label uses that are supported by evidence-based practice. In this case, using diphenhydramine for sleep induction is a common practice, as it has sedative effects and can help with insomnia. Option A is incorrect because while Benadryl is primarily an antihistamine, it is also known for its sedating effects, which can aid in sleep induction. Option B is incorrect as Benadryl is not a stimulant; it is actually known for causing drowsiness. Option C is incorrect because while there may be contraindications for using Benadryl in certain situations, it is not contraindicated solely for sleep induction purposes. In family health nursing, it is crucial to understand the various uses of medications, including off-label uses, to provide safe and effective care to clients. Educating clients about the rationale behind medication use and addressing any concerns or misconceptions they may have is also an essential aspect of family health nursing care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the concept of Family Health Nursing Care, understanding Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is crucial as it helps prioritize interventions based on the individual's needs. In this question, the correct answer is B) Physiological needs. These needs are fundamental for human survival and include air, water, food, shelter, clothing, and sleep. Without meeting these basic physiological needs, individuals cannot function optimally or progress to addressing higher-level needs. Option A) Love and belonging, while important for emotional well-being, is not as critical for immediate survival as physiological needs. Option C) Self-actualization and option D) Safety and security are higher-level needs that come into play once physiological needs are met. Educationally, it is important for nurses to understand Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to provide holistic care. By recognizing where a person falls on the hierarchy, nurses can tailor interventions to address the most pressing needs first, leading to more effective and efficient care delivery. This knowledge also helps nurses prioritize resources and support to promote optimal health outcomes for individuals and families.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Erik Erikson. Erikson is known for his theory of psychosocial development, which includes eight stages where each stage represents a conflict or developmental task that must be resolved for healthy psychological development. These stages are expressed as opposites or contraindications of each other, such as trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, etc. Sigmund Freud, known for his psychosexual development theory, does not specifically identify developmental tasks expressed as opposites. Jean Piaget's theory focuses on cognitive development, not psychosocial development as described in the question. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory, which is not related to the developmental tasks expressed as opposites in the question. Understanding Erikson's stages of psychosocial development is crucial for family health nurses as it helps them assess and support individuals at different life stages. By recognizing the developmental tasks and conflicts at each stage, nurses can provide appropriate care and interventions to promote optimal family health and well-being. Familiarity with prominent theorists in human development is essential for nurses to deliver holistic care to individuals and families across the lifespan.