ATI RN
Fundamentals Patient Safety and Wound Care Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Your cardiac patient has an unstable angina history and is suspected of experiencing an ischemic event. He presents with chest pain, cool and clammy skin, and diaphoresis. If the event is being caused by unstable angina pectoris, which medication may be used to prevent an increase in the size of a thrombus if one is present?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Aspirin. Aspirin is used in the management of unstable angina to prevent platelet aggregation, which can lead to the formation of a thrombus. By inhibiting platelet aggregation, aspirin helps prevent the thrombus from increasing in size. Nitroglycerin (A) is used for symptomatic relief of angina but does not prevent thrombus formation. Morphine (B) is used for pain relief but does not address thrombus prevention. Streptokinase (D) is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve existing thrombi, not prevent their growth.
Question 2 of 5
You are preparing to intubate an unconscious closed head injury patient with an increased intracranial pressure due to respiratory insufficiency and inability to control his airway. Concern at an additional increase in intracranial pressure prompts you to consider the intravenous administration of which of the following prior to an intubation attempt?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lidocaine. Lidocaine is administered prior to intubation in closed head injury patients with increased intracranial pressure to prevent further increase in ICP caused by laryngoscopy and intubation-induced sympathetic response. Lidocaine inhibits the intracranial hypertension response by blocking the sympathetic surge associated with laryngoscopy. Diazepam and Lorazepam are sedatives and do not directly address the concern of increased ICP. Procainamide is an antiarrhythmic drug and not indicated in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
In a trauma situation, it is acceptable to administer either normal saline or lactated Ringer's to your patient for volume replacement. What is the primary benefit of choosing lactated Ringer's?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because lactated Ringer's contains lactate, which is converted to bicarbonate in the body, helping to decrease acidosis in a hypovolemic patient. Normal saline does not have this buffering effect. A is incorrect because both solutions stay in the vascular system similarly. B is incorrect as neither solution carries red blood cells. D is incorrect as lactated Ringer's does not increase acidosis but helps decrease it.
Question 4 of 5
To combat increasing ICP in a head injury, the body utilizes this principle:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monro-Kellie Principle. This principle states that the total intracranial volume is constant, and an increase in one component (e.g., blood, CSF, brain tissue) must be compensated by a decrease in another to maintain a stable intracranial pressure (ICP). This helps to prevent dangerous elevations in ICP, which is crucial in managing head injuries. B: Bernicke Principle is not relevant to intracranial pressure regulation. C: Fick Principle is related to cardiac output and oxygen consumption, not intracranial pressure. D: Bernoulli's Principle is about fluid dynamics, not intracranial pressure regulation.
Question 5 of 5
You are on the scene of a vehicle accident with entrapment. Why is it so important to ensure the battery has been disconnected before attempting to enter the vehicle or extricate the driver?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To ensure any undeployed airbags do not discharge and cause an injury to the patient or anyone involved. When a vehicle's battery is not disconnected before attempting to enter or extricate a driver, there is a risk that any undeployed airbags may still be active and could suddenly inflate, potentially causing harm to the patient or anyone involved in the extrication process. Disconnecting the battery eliminates the power source for the airbags, reducing the risk of unintended deployment. Choice A is incorrect because disconnecting the battery is not primarily done to prevent the vehicle from moving during extrication; other safety measures are in place for that purpose. Choice C is incorrect as the risk of electrocution is minimal if proper extrication procedures are followed. Choice D is incorrect because while a fire is a concern in vehicle accidents, disconnecting the battery is not specifically related to preventing fires in the passenger compartment during extrication.