ATI RN
Epidemiology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
young women had the problem. The answer of 300:1300 adds the total of the numerator to the denominator, which is unnecessary because the gonorrhea cases were already included in the denominator. In the answer of 300:500, the ratio comparing gonorrhea to chlamydia does not meet the epidemiological definition of proportion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in epidemiology, a proportion is a ratio where the denominator must contain the numerator. In this case, the denominator should include all STIs, not just gonorrhea cases. The answer of 50% reflects gonorrhea cases to all STIs, not the total STI problem. Therefore, it does not summarize the overall STI burden accurately. The other choices do not adhere to the fundamental principle of epidemiological proportions and fail to provide a comprehensive assessment of the situation.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is examining the various factors that lead to disease and suggests several areas where
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Web of causality. This model emphasizes the complexity of disease causation by considering multiple interacting factors. It recognizes that diseases result from a web of interconnected factors rather than a simple cause-effect relationship. The nurse would most likely use this model to understand the intricate relationships between biological, social, and environmental factors contributing to disease. Option A: "Which of the following models would the nurse most likely use?" is not a model itself but a question, so it is not a valid choice. Option B: Epidemiologic triangle focuses on the host, agent, and environment as the three key factors contributing to disease causation, which is a simpler model than the web of causality. Option C: Health promotion is a strategy to prevent disease rather than a model that explains the multifactorial nature of disease causation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse has only a regular blood pressure cuff when conducting a health screening for all of the residents of a community. Which of the following may be lacking when obtaining blood pressure readings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sensitivity. The regular blood pressure cuff may lack sensitivity when obtaining blood pressure readings because it may not accurately detect subtle changes in blood pressure levels. Sensitivity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals with the condition (high blood pressure, in this case). Since a regular cuff may not be as precise as specialized equipment, it could miss detecting high blood pressure in some individuals, leading to inaccurate readings. A: Reliability - Reliability refers to the consistency of measurements. While a regular cuff may be consistent in its readings, it may not be sensitive enough to accurately detect high blood pressure in all individuals. C: Specificity - Specificity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals without the condition. The regular cuff's lack of sensitivity may not impact its specificity. D: Validity - Validity refers to the accuracy of a test in measuring what it is intended to measure. The regular cuff may still provide valid blood pressure readings within
Question 4 of 5
Two women seem to agree on almost everything from favorite music to favorite media stars to the best way to prepare a meal. Which of the following best explains this similarity in the two women?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: They are close friends. The key to this question lies in the fact that the two women agree on almost everything and have similar preferences. Close friends often share common interests, influencing each other's choices and preferences over time. This close bond creates a strong sense of connection and understanding, leading to agreement on various topics. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because membership in the same birth cohort, attending the same school, or going to the same church do not inherently explain the similarity in preferences and agreement between the two women as well as the close friendship does.
Question 5 of 5
A teacher recommends that surveys to obtain data on drug use be given to high school students when they meet for various school organizations. Which of the following best describes why the nurse would reject this suggestion?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: This method of data collection would result in selection bias. The rationale for this is that by only surveying high school students who meet for various school organizations, the sample is not representative of the entire high school population. This can lead to skewed results and an inaccurate representation of drug use among all high school students. A: Classification bias refers to errors in the classification of study subjects. This is not applicable in this scenario. B: Confounding bias occurs when an extraneous variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome. This is not relevant to the method of data collection proposed. C: Personal bias involves the researcher's own subjective beliefs influencing the study. This is not directly related to the method of data collection being discussed. In summary, choice D is the correct answer because using surveys only with students who are part of school organizations introduces selection bias, leading to an unrepresentative sample and potentially inaccurate results.