You work in the emergency department, and an 88-year-old Spanish-speaking patient was just brought by ambulance with chest pain. You do not speak Spanish and there is no in-person interpreter available. Your best option to ensure communication is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Leverage technology to ensure communication. Your hospital recently invested in video interpreter services. Rationale: 1. Utilizing technology like video interpreter services ensures accurate and real-time communication, overcoming language barriers effectively. 2. Video interpreter services provide professional interpreters who are trained in medical terminology, ensuring accurate transmission of information. 3. It maintains patient confidentiality and adheres to HIPAA regulations by using secure communication platforms. 4. It promotes cultural competency and patient-centered care by facilitating understanding and building trust with the patient. Summary of other choices: A: Identifying a friend or family member can compromise patient confidentiality and accuracy of interpretation. C: Using gestures and simple words may lead to miscommunication, misunderstanding, and potential medical errors. D: Delaying care by calling another floor for a Spanish speaker can jeopardize timely treatment for the patient's chest pain.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Choice A: The ACL prevents backward sliding of the femur by attaching from the back of the femur to the front of the tibia. When the knee is flexed, it prevents the femur from sliding backward on the tibia, providing stability. Summary of other choices: B: Incorrect, as the ACL primarily limits anterior translation of the tibia on the femur, not external rotation. C: Incorrect, as the ACL tightens with extension and loosens in flexion to provide stability. D: Incorrect, as ACL deficiency can lead to instability and increased pressures on the posterior menisci, not the anterior menisci.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because plica syndrome of the knee refers to an extension or vestigial structure of the protective synovial capsule of the knee becoming irritated or inflamed, leading to anterior knee pain and weakness. This is the most accurate description of the condition. Choice A is incorrect because plica syndrome is not caused by a duplicated meniscus. Choice B is also incorrect as it describes knee pain and weakness related to rheumatoid arthritis, not plica syndrome. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to a synovial fold in the femorotibial joint, which is not specific to plica syndrome.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Lower extremity burns can lead to Achilles tendon shortening due to scar tissue formation, metatarsophalangeal joint hyperextension from contractures, and foot drop as a result of nerve damage or muscle weakness. Each complication is a common consequence of severe lower extremity burns. The other choices (A, B, C) are incorrect because they represent individual complications that can arise from lower extremity burns, but in reality, it is common for patients to experience a combination of these issues rather than just one isolated complication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because phonophoresis involves using ultrasound to drive topical medications into tissue. Ultrasound waves help enhance the penetration of medications through the skin and into deeper tissues. This method is effective for localized pain management and inflammation. Choice B is incorrect because using electric current to drive medications into tissue is known as iontophoresis, not phonophoresis. Choice C is incorrect as massage alone cannot drive topical medications into tissue. Choice D is incorrect because using cold spray to numb a painful area is a form of cryotherapy, not phonophoresis. In summary, phonophoresis involves ultrasound to enhance medication penetration, differing from iontophoresis, massage, and cryotherapy.