You were able to collect the chyme from the small intestine and isolate the various enzymes. Most of the enzymes would have been produced by the

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing various digestive enzymes such as proteases, lipases, and amylases that aid in breaking down nutrients in the small intestine. These enzymes are released into the small intestine to further digest chyme. The stomach (A) primarily produces gastric juices, not digestive enzymes. The liver (B) produces bile, which helps in fat digestion but is not classified as an enzyme. The small intestine (D) absorbs nutrients but does not produce the majority of digestive enzymes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (7-9) because trypsin and chymotrypsin are proteolytic enzymes that function optimally in slightly basic environments. At pH 7-9, these enzymes maintain their structural integrity and catalytic activity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because trypsin and chymotrypsin are not acidic enzymes, so pH ranges 1-3 and 10-12 would denature and inactivate them, while pH 5-7 is still on the acidic side, not optimal for these enzymes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sure! Here is a step-by-step rationale for why answer choice D is correct: P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach: This statement is correct as the stomach performs mechanical digestion through the churning and mixing of food with gastric juices. Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin, and secretin are produced by enteroendocrine cells: This statement is correct as these hormones are indeed produced by enteroendocrine cells to regulate various digestive processes. R. Pancreas, small intestine, and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes: This statement is correct as these organs are key producers of digestive enzymes essential for breaking down food components. S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells are present in the stomach: This statement is correct as these are the types of cells found in the gastric glands of the stomach responsible for producing mucus, pepsinogen, and hydrochloric acid, respectively. In summary, all the statements in answer choice D

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because amino acids are not absorbed through the stomach wall; they are absorbed in the small intestine. In the stomach, gastric juices break down proteins into peptides. Option A is incorrect because the stomach secretes pepsin to digest proteins. Option B is also incorrect as pepsinogen is converted to pepsin for protein digestion. Option D is incorrect since ghrelin, the appetite hormone, is indeed released by the stomach.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: vasoconstriction and increased total peripheral resistance. Epinephrine, antidiuretic hormone, and angiotensin II all act to increase vasoconstriction, leading to an increase in total peripheral resistance. This response is crucial during a sudden decrease in blood volume to maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate perfusion to vital organs. Choice A (increased heart rate) is not correct because while epinephrine can increase heart rate, antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II do not directly affect heart rate. Choice B (increased fluid retention and blood volume) is not correct because antidiuretic hormone and angiotensin II can increase fluid retention, but epinephrine does not have this effect. Choice C (increased PNS activity) is not correct because these hormones actually stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, not the parasympath