ATI RN
Patient-Centered Care UNMC Addiction Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
You suspect your adult chest pain patient may be experiencing the onset of a myocardial infarction. Which of the following medical conditions may mask the severity of the infarction by suppressing the normal ST elevation often seen in onset myocardial infarctions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diabetes. In patients with diabetes, the autonomic neuropathy can suppress the normal ST elevation seen in myocardial infarctions by affecting the transmission of pain signals from the heart. This can delay or mask the symptoms of a heart attack, leading to a potential delay in seeking medical treatment. Pleurisy (A) is inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest that typically presents with sharp chest pain worsened by breathing or coughing, which is different from the symptoms of a heart attack. Chronic hypertension (C) can lead to heart disease but does not typically mask ST elevation in myocardial infarctions. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (D) can cause chest pain but does not directly suppress the ST elevation seen in heart attacks.
Question 2 of 5
If the city council in your area enacts a law concerning the classification of first responders, what type of law allows this to occur in the US?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Legislative law. In the US, legislative law refers to laws created by the legislative branch, such as city councils. When the city council enacts a law, it falls under legislative law as they have the authority to create laws at the local level. Civil law relates to disputes between individuals, administrative law deals with regulations set by government agencies, and common law is based on judicial decisions rather than statutes. Therefore, B is correct as it specifically pertains to laws created by legislative bodies like city councils.
Question 3 of 5
You are called to assist a 44-year-old male who was struck in the head with a large socket wrench at work. On arrival, the patient is conscious but confused; he complains he developed a sudden-onset severe headache moments after a wrench slipped off under pressure striking him in the temporal region of the skull. Co-workers state he was unconscious with abnormal posturing for about three minutes prior to EMS arrival. He states the headache went from the worst headache of his life to a dull throbbing headache and new-onset dizziness and nausea. His pupils are unequal with the right eye sluggish to respond while his grips remain equal but weak. As you continue your evaluation, he suddenly develops projectile vomiting and loses consciousness. Which of the following injuries is most likely to cause his presentation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epidural hematoma. In this case, the patient experienced a history of head trauma with a lucid interval followed by a rapid deterioration of symptoms, including severe headache, dizziness, nausea, unequal pupil response, weakness, and vomiting leading to unconsciousness. These signs are indicative of an epidural hematoma, which is typically caused by arterial bleeding between the dura mater and the skull following a traumatic head injury. The classic presentation of a lucid interval followed by a rapid decline in neurological status is a key feature of epidural hematoma. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: Subdural hematoma - Typically presents with a slower onset of symptoms and is more common in elderly patients or those with a history of alcohol abuse. C: Subarachnoid hematoma - Usually presents with a sudden severe headache, often described as a thunderclap headache, and is associated with a history of sudden exertion or str
Question 4 of 5
The human body regulates homeostasis by communicating at the cellular level through the nervous and endocrine systems. Which of the following is responsible for serving as the command and control center for linking the systems together?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus serves as the command and control center for linking the nervous and endocrine systems. It regulates body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other vital functions. Rationale: 1. The hypothalamus is located in the brain and plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating hormone secretion from the pituitary gland. 2. It receives input from the nervous system and sends signals to the pituitary gland to release hormones that control various bodily functions. 3. The hypothalamus also controls the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary processes such as heart rate and digestion. 4. The adrenal gland (B), thyroid gland (C), and pituitary gland (D) are important components of the endocrine system, but they do not serve as the central command center for linking the nervous and endocrine systems together.
Question 5 of 5
Electrician electrocuted, exit wound on foot, blood in urine, initial management?: "Immediate angiography"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Aggressive fluid infusion." In this scenario, the electrician likely suffered electrical burns leading to muscle breakdown and subsequent release of myoglobin into the bloodstream, causing renal damage. Aggressive fluid infusion helps prevent myoglobin-induced acute kidney injury by maintaining high urine output to flush out myoglobin. This initial management is crucial to prevent further kidney damage. Choice B: "Intravenous pyelography" is incorrect as it is a diagnostic imaging test for the urinary system, not a treatment for acute kidney injury. Choice C: "Debridement of necrotic muscle" is not the immediate priority and can be considered later if necessary. Choice D: "Admission to the ICU for observation" is not sufficient as immediate intervention is needed to prevent renal damage.