You organize community groups to participate in the community activities. You can BEST motivate to participate in community health development program by:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): Allowing the people to exercise decision-making is the best way to motivate participation in community health development programs. This approach promotes ownership and empowerment among the community members, leading to higher engagement and commitment. By involving them in decision-making, they feel valued and are more likely to actively contribute to the program's success. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A (Conducting group works): While group work can foster collaboration, it may not necessarily motivate participation as effectively as allowing decision-making. B (Instructing the people to agree with your plans): This approach lacks autonomy and may lead to resistance or lack of genuine engagement from the community members. D (Assigning people participative roles): Assigning roles can be beneficial, but true motivation comes from allowing individuals to have a say in decision-making processes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because environmental health issues are complex and interconnected with social, economic, and political factors. Improving environmental health often involves addressing systemic issues and implementing large-scale changes. This includes policies, regulations, and community initiatives. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because environmental health impacts both individuals and groups, requires more than just individual behavior change, and goes beyond just social neighborhoods and geography.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or health condition before it happens. Providing prenatal education classes falls under primary prevention as it educates expecting mothers on healthy behaviors during pregnancy to prevent complications. This empowers them with knowledge and skills to promote their own and their baby's wellbeing. Screening for gestational diabetes (B) is a form of secondary prevention, as it detects a condition early to prevent its progression. Providing postpartum support groups (C) and offering breastfeeding support (D) are important interventions for promoting maternal and newborn health, but they are considered more as supportive or tertiary prevention measures rather than primary prevention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Windshield survey. This is because a windshield survey involves physically driving or walking through a community to observe its environmental layout, location of agencies, hospitals, industries, and other key features. This step helps the community health nurse to gain an initial understanding of the community's resources, strengths, and potential health issues. A: Census survey involves collecting demographic data, not direct observation. B: Needs survey focuses on identifying community health needs through specific data collection methods. C: Informant survey involves gathering information from key community members, not direct observation. In summary, the windshield survey is the appropriate choice as it aligns with the description of physically observing the community to gather initial information.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because people tend to respond more to immediate and acute crises rather than chronic environmental issues, which may not have immediate visible impacts. This is known as the "finite pool of worry" theory. People prioritize urgent problems over long-term issues. This is why it is difficult to get others interested in environmental health, as they may not perceive the gradual degradation of the environment as an urgent matter. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the fundamental psychological and behavioral aspect of human response to environmental issues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct order of steps in active management of the third stage of labor includes: 1) Intramuscular injection of oxytocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, 2) Controlled cord traction with counter traction to the uterus to facilitate placental delivery, and 3) Uterine massage to aid in uterine contraction and reduce bleeding. Rationale for Correct Answer (C): - Intramuscular oxytocin is administered first to prevent excessive bleeding. - Controlled cord traction with counter traction assists in the gentle delivery of the placenta. - Uterine massage helps the uterus contract and reduce the risk of hemorrhage. Summary of Incorrect Choices: - A (Incorrect): Incorrect order of steps, ergometrine administration is not recommended. - B (Incorrect): Incorrect order, fundal massage should be done after cord traction. - D (Incorrect): Incorrect order, oxytocin should be administered before cord traction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Access to health care services. Health disparities are largely influenced by unequal access to healthcare services, leading to disparities in health outcomes. Lack of access can result in delayed diagnosis, inadequate treatment, and poor management of health conditions. Genetic factors (A) play a role in health, but they do not solely determine health disparities. Lifestyle choices (B) can impact health but are often influenced by socio-economic factors, which tie back to access to healthcare. Cultural beliefs (D) can impact health behaviors, but without access to appropriate healthcare, disparities will persist.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Using open-ended questioning. The RN's question is open-ended, allowing the teen to express thoughts and feelings freely. This technique helps the client explore their concerns and motivations, fostering self-reflection and problem-solving. This approach aligns with motivational interviewing principles, aiming to evoke the client's own reasons for change. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Moving the teen to find a new friend group - This option involves a directive approach, which is contrary to motivational interviewing's collaborative and client-centered nature. B: Addressing the problem of teen awkwardness - While acknowledging the teen's feelings, this choice focuses on the issue rather than facilitating the client's exploration of their own perspective. C: Agreeing that awkwardness is hard - This choice reflects empathy, but it does not encourage the client to elaborate on their feelings and thoughts, limiting the depth of the conversation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because an online support group for cancer survivors represents a phenomenological community where individuals share similar lived experiences and perspectives related to cancer. This community is based on subjective interpretations and meanings attached to their shared experiences, fostering a sense of belonging and understanding among members. In contrast, choices A, B, and C are not phenomenological communities as they are based on geographical proximity (Greenwich Village senior center, NYC council district) or residential location (Gramercy Green residents), which do not necessarily imply shared lived experiences or subjective interpretations.