You have the following symptoms: sudden abdominal pain, slight fever, loss of appetite, and nausea. You may have

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: appendicitis. Sudden abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite, and nausea are classic symptoms of appendicitis. The pain often starts near the belly button and migrates to the lower right abdomen, where the appendix is located. Appendicitis is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention to prevent complications like a burst appendix. Heartburn (B) typically presents with a burning sensation in the chest, and diarrhea (C) presents with loose, watery stools. Hemorrhoids (D) are swollen blood vessels in the rectum that cause discomfort but do not typically present with the symptoms described.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because pancreatic juice contains Trypsin for protein digestion, Amylopsin for carbohydrate digestion, and Steapsin for fat digestion. Trypsin breaks down proteins into peptides, Amylopsin breaks down carbohydrates into sugars, and Steapsin breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Pepsin, Rennin, and Gastric Lipase (option B) are enzymes found in the stomach, while Erepsin, Invertase, and Lipase (option C) are enzymes found in the small intestine. Ptyalin, Maltase, and Lactase (option D) are enzymes involved in digestion but are not found in pancreatic juice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is involved in regulating secretory cells in the gastric mucosa by stimulating the release of gastric acid and enzymes. Norepinephrine and dopamine are not directly involved in gastric secretions. Insulin is a hormone involved in glucose metabolism, not gastric regulation. Acetylcholine's role in stimulating gastric secretions makes it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B, "History of counseling for body dysmorphic disorder," should be called to the attention of the surgeon before proceeding with additional history or physical assessment. This is the correct answer because body dysmorphic disorder can significantly impact a patient's perception of their body image and may lead to unrealistic expectations or dissatisfaction with surgical outcomes, especially in the context of obesity treatment. Option A, "Obesity for approximately 5 years," is not a red flag that would immediately necessitate attention from the surgeon. It is a common presentation in patients seeking surgical treatment for obesity. Option C, "Failure to reduce weight with other forms of therapy," is also not a critical concern at this initial stage as many individuals seek surgical intervention after exhausting other weight loss methods. Option D, "Body weight 100% above the ideal for age, gender, and height," while concerning, is not as crucial to address initially as the patient's history of body dysmorphic disorder. From an educational standpoint, it is important for nursing students to understand the significance of mental health considerations in surgical decision-making, especially in procedures related to body image and weight management. Recognizing the impact of psychological factors on patient outcomes is essential for providing holistic and patient-centered care in the field of gastrointestinal nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Cholangiography. Cholangiography is a diagnostic test that involves the use of a contrast dye injected directly into the bile ducts, allowing for visualization of the gallbladder and bile ducts on X-ray images. This test is ideal for a client who cannot retain dye tablets orally. Option A) Oral cholecystography involves the ingestion of dye tablets, which the client in this case cannot retain. Option C) Barium enema and Option D) Barium swallow are diagnostic tests used for visualizing the lower gastrointestinal tract and esophagus, respectively, not the gallbladder. Educationally, understanding the appropriate diagnostic tests for different scenarios is crucial for nursing practice. Knowing when to use specific tests based on a patient's condition and limitations ensures accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Cholangiography, in this case, is the most suitable option for visualizing the gallbladder in a client unable to retain oral dye tablets.