You have observed presence of drainage in Claudia's eyes. Which of the following eye solution would you use in cleaning her eyes?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Normal saline solution is the best choice for cleaning Claudia's eyes with drainage. It is a sterile solution that closely matches the natural pH of the eyes, making it gentle and safe for ocular use. Normal saline can help flush out any debris or discharge in the eye without causing further irritation or complications. On the other hand, hydrochloric acid is a corrosive substance that can cause significant harm if it comes into contact with the eyes. Mineral water may contain impurities that could further irritate the eyes. Soapsuds solution is not recommended for eye cleaning as it can cause irritation and damage to the delicate eye tissues. Therefore, normal saline solution is the most appropriate and safe option for cleaning Claudia's eyes in this situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a woman in active labor is receiving intravenous oxytocin for labor augmentation, it is essential to increase the oxytocin infusion rate gradually to prevent oxytocin-induced uterine hyperstimulation. Uterine hyperstimulation can lead to complications such as fetal distress, uterine rupture, and postpartum hemorrhage. By increasing the oxytocin infusion rate gradually, the uterus has more time to adapt to the medication and reduces the risk of hyperstimulation. It is crucial for the healthcare provider to carefully monitor the woman's response to oxytocin and adjust the infusion rate as needed to ensure safe and effective labor augmentation. Monitoring for signs of uterine hyperstimulation, such as persistent contractions close together or excessive uterine activity, is crucial in preventing complications and ensuring the well-being of both the mother and baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Obtaining informed consent is primarily the responsibility of the physician. Informed consent is a crucial ethical and legal concept in healthcare that requires the healthcare provider, usually the physician, to ensure that the patient understands the proposed treatment, including the risks, benefits, alternatives, and potential outcomes, before agreeing to proceed with the treatment. While other healthcare professionals, such as nurses, nurse managers, anesthesiologists, and midwives, may also play a role in the informed consent process by providing information and clarifying details, it is ultimately the physician who must obtain the patient's informed consent before any treatment or procedure is performed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Adenomyosis is a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium (muscle wall) of the uterus. It can present with symptoms such as cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and infertility. On pelvic examination, the uterus may be retroverted (tilted backward) and enlarged due to the presence of adenomyotic nodules within the uterine muscle. Adenomyosis can also cause heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia). Endometriosis, on the other hand, involves the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and can cause similar symptoms but is less likely to result in uterine enlargement or retroversion. Leiomyomas (uterine fibroids) are benign tumors of the uterine muscle and can also cause pelvic pain and abnormal uterine enlargement but are less likely to be associated with dysmenorrhea and infertility

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When the nurse collects data at one point in time, it is referred to as a cross-sectional study. Cross-sectional studies are observational research designs that provide a snapshot of a population or a sample at a specific point in time. This type of study can help identify associations or relationships between variables at a single time point but cannot establish causality or determine changes over time. In contrast, time series involve collecting data over multiple time points, longitudinal studies follow individuals or samples over time to track changes or outcomes, and crossover studies involve multiple interventions or treatments over different periods.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Systematic meta-analysis of the literature typically involves synthesizing research findings from multiple studies on a particular topic. The most common way to gather relevant studies for a meta-analysis is by searching through electronic databases. These databases contain a wide range of peer-reviewed literature such as research articles, reviews, and conference papers. Using electronic databases ensures a comprehensive and systematic approach to finding all relevant studies needed for a meta-analysis. While doctoral dissertations and statistical methods such as those offered by Cochrane can also be valuable sources of information, an electronic database is the primary tool used for conducting a systematic meta-analysis of the literature.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary objective of a birth plan is to provide a pregnant woman the opportunity to outline her wishes and preferences regarding her labor, delivery, and postpartum care. It allows the mother-to-be to communicate her desires to the healthcare team in advance, ensuring that her preferences are considered and respected during the birthing process. A birth plan typically covers various aspects such as pain management options, who she wants present during labor, interventions she may want to avoid, plans for after birth care, and any other specific requests she may have. Ultimately, a birth plan aims to empower the woman to have a more personalized and satisfying birth experience by actively involving her in the decision-making process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Being assertive means expressing one's thoughts, beliefs, and feelings in a confident and respectful manner while also considering the perspective of others. It does not involve pushing control on others. Assertive individuals do not impose their beliefs on others but express themselves clearly and confidently, respecting the opinions of others. So, standing up for what one believes in can be assertive, but pushing control on others is not a characteristic of assertiveness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The analytic approach refers to a method that views factors that influence health and by which interventions to improve health are directed. In this case, utilizing an analytic approach in the research means looking into the root causes of the health problems in the community, analyzing various factors that contribute to the prevalence of obesity and heart ailments, and developing targeted interventions to address these issues effectively. This approach involves identifying underlying reasons for health problems and strategically planning interventions to improve the health outcomes of the community.