You have just admitted a patient with bacterial meningitis to the medical-surgical unit. The patient complains of a severe headache with photophobia and has a temperature of 102.6°F orally. Which collaborative intervention must be accomplished first?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the most crucial intervention is option B) Infuse ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 2000 mg IV to treat the infection. Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening infection that requires urgent treatment with appropriate antibiotics to prevent serious complications and reduce mortality. Prompt initiation of antibiotics is essential to target the causative organism and halt the progression of the infection within the central nervous system. Option A) Administer codeine 15 mg orally for the patient's headache is incorrect because although pain management is important, addressing the underlying infection takes precedence in this situation. Option C) Give acetaminophen (Tylenol) 650 mg orally to reduce the fever is also incorrect as reducing fever alone does not treat the underlying cause of bacterial meningitis, which is the infection. Option D) Give furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg IV to decrease intracranial pressure is not the priority intervention as reducing intracranial pressure may be necessary in some cases of meningitis, but addressing the infection with antibiotics is the primary focus in bacterial meningitis management. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of understanding the urgent nature of treating bacterial meningitis with appropriate antibiotics to prevent serious neurological complications and improve patient outcomes. It highlights the necessity of prioritizing interventions based on the urgency of the patient's condition and the underlying pathophysiology.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) avoid respiratory infection. Educating Susan on avoiding respiratory infections is crucial because individuals with neurological conditions, such as those requiring discharge instructions, are more susceptible to respiratory complications. Neurological conditions can compromise respiratory function, making individuals prone to infections like pneumonia. Teaching Susan preventive measures, such as practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding crowds during flu season, and getting vaccinated, will help in reducing her risk of respiratory infections. Option A) take anticholinergic drugs as ordered with meals is incorrect because it is not relevant to Susan's discharge teaching unless specifically prescribed for her condition. Option C) increase activities could be harmful as it may not be suitable for Susan depending on her specific neurological condition and could lead to complications. Option D) take sedatives to ensure sound sleep is inappropriate as a general instruction and may not address Susan's individual needs or promote her overall well-being. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind each option helps students grasp the importance of individualized patient education based on specific health conditions. By comprehending why certain actions are necessary or contraindicated, students can develop critical thinking skills essential for providing safe and effective patient care in various clinical scenarios.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a paraplegic patient accepting his disability, the correct answer is B) practices push-up exercises. Engaging in physical activities like push-up exercises indicates a level of acceptance as the patient is actively participating in rehabilitation and adapting to their new physical limitations. This demonstrates a proactive approach towards their disability and a willingness to work towards physical improvement. Option A) sitting and looking out the window does not necessarily indicate acceptance but could be a coping mechanism or a passive activity. Option C) discussing the preinjury state may show reminiscence or longing for the past, indicating a lack of acceptance. Option D) drinking plenty of milk is unrelated to the acceptance of a disability and is a distractor in this context. Educationally, understanding the behaviors and signs of acceptance in patients with disabilities is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses. It helps them provide appropriate support, encouragement, and care tailored to the patient's emotional and physical needs. Encouraging and recognizing positive behaviors, like engaging in rehabilitation exercises, can contribute to the patient's overall well-being and quality of life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) partial-thickness. This type of burn, also known as a second-degree burn, is characterized by redness, intact blisters, broken blisters, and the presence of moisture. In this stage, the burn has penetrated through the epidermis and into the dermis layer of the skin. It is painful, may be swollen, and is sensitive to touch. Option B) first-degree burns are superficial burns that only affect the epidermis, resulting in redness and pain but no blisters. Option C) full-thickness burns, also known as third-degree burns, extend through all layers of the skin and may appear white, charred, or leathery. Option D) third-degree burns are the most severe and would not present with intact blisters and moisture as described in the scenario. In an educational context, understanding the depth of burns is crucial for providing appropriate first aid and determining the need for medical intervention. By recognizing the characteristics of different burn depths, individuals can take the necessary steps to manage the burn effectively and seek appropriate medical care. This knowledge is especially important in emergency situations to prevent further damage and promote healing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Intermittently sit for short periods followed by short, frequent walks. This option promotes activity progression and gradual reintegration into daily activities for Mr. Hall after his neurological condition. It balances rest and movement, which is crucial for his recovery. This approach helps prevent complications like muscle weakness, joint stiffness, and pressure ulcers. Option A is incorrect because maintaining bed rest for an extended period can lead to muscle atrophy, decreased joint mobility, and increased risk of complications like deep vein thrombosis. Option B is incorrect because using a deep, soft chair for a month can promote prolonged sitting, which may lead to joint stiffness and muscle weakness. Option C is incorrect because resuming driving after only 2 weeks of exercise at home may be premature and unsafe, as Mr. Hall needs to regain strength, coordination, and confidence before driving. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand the principles of activity progression and safe rehabilitation practices for patients with neurological conditions. Gradual reintroduction of activities and mobility is key to promoting optimal recovery and preventing complications. Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients like Mr. Hall on the importance of a balanced approach to activity and rest post-discharge.