ATI RN
Test Bank Physical Examination and Health Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
You find a bounding carotid pulse on a 62-year-old patient. Which murmur should you search out?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Finding a bounding carotid pulse suggests a wide pulse pressure, which can be associated with aortic insufficiency. Aortic insufficiency (also known as aortic regurgitation) is characterized by the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole due to incomplete closure of the aortic valve. This results in increased stroke volume and left ventricular pressure, leading to widened pulse pressure and a bounding arterial pulse. Therefore, when a bounding carotid pulse is detected in a patient, it is important to search for signs and symptoms of aortic insufficiency, such as a diastolic murmur heard best at the left sternal border and radiating to the neck.
Question 2 of 5
A 21-year-old receptionist comes to your clinic, complaining of frequent diarrhea. She states that the stools are very loose and there is some cramping beforehand. She states this has occurred on and off since she was in high school. She denies any nausea, vomiting, or blood in her stool. Occasionally she has periods of constipation, but that is rare. She thinks the diarrhea is much worse when she is nervous. Her past medical history is not significant. She is single and a junior in college majoring in accounting. She smokes when she drinks alcohol but denies using any illegal drugs. Both of her parents are healthy. Her entire physical examination is unremarkable. What is most likely the etiology of her diarrhea?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's history of frequent loose stools with cramping, occurring since high school and worsening during periods of nervousness, along with occasional constipation, is characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that presents with symptoms such as abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, and altered bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or both) without any evidence of organic disease. The absence of systemic symptoms like fever, weight loss, or blood in the stool, as well as normal physical examination findings, also support the diagnosis of IBS in this case. This condition is often triggered or exacerbated by stress or anxiety. Monitoring stress levels, dietary modifications, and possibly prescription medications may help manage IBS symptoms in this patient.
Question 3 of 5
The following information is best placed in which category? "The patient was treated for an asthma exacerbation in the hospital last year; the patient has never been intubated."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The information provided about the patient being treated for an asthma exacerbation and not being intubated falls under the category of adult illnesses. Asthma is a common respiratory condition that affects people of various ages but is more prevalent in adults. The fact that the patient was treated for an asthma exacerbation and has not required intubation indicates a relevant medical history related to adult illnesses and respiratory conditions. This information would be considered when evaluating and managing the patient's current health status and potential risks related to respiratory issues.
Question 4 of 5
He is afebrile and his cardiac, lung, and abdominal examinations are normal. On visualization of the anus you see no inflammation, masses, or fissures. Digital rectal examination reveals a smooth, enlarged prostate. No discrete masses are felt. There is no blood on the glove or on guaiac testing. An analysis of the urine shows no red blood cells, white blood cells, or bacteria. What disorder of the anus, rectum, or prostate is this most likely to be?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation described in the scenario is consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, typically seen in older males. The findings of a smooth, enlarged prostate on digital rectal examination without discrete masses, along with the absence of other alarming signs such as blood in the urine or on examination, make BPH the most likely diagnosis in this case.
Question 5 of 5
Based on this information, which of the following is appropriate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate response based on the information provided would be to give the patient information concerning the reduction of fat and cholesterol in her diet because she is obese. The patient's weight falls in the obese category, and addressing diet is an important step in managing obesity. Providing guidance on reducing fat and cholesterol intake can help the patient make healthier food choices and work towards achieving a healthier weight. Additionally, diet plays a significant role in overall health, so addressing nutrition is crucial when managing obesity. It is important to approach the topic sensitively and provide support and resources to help the patient make positive changes for their health.
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