ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
You examined two patients attending neurological clinic, one with myotonic dystrophy and the other with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Of the following, the MOST distinguishing feature to differentiate them is by the
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Slow muscle relaxation distinguishmyotonic dystrophy, per neurology, from Duchenne, due to myotonia (delayed relaxation post-contraction). Ptosis , cardiac issu, leg weakness , and facial weakness overlap. Myotonias specificity makes D the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Dystonia is characterized by abnormally sustained muscle contraction, causing twisting motion (torsion spasm) and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. The MOST common cause of dystonia among children is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of pediatric dystonia, per neurology, from perinatal brain injury affecting basal ganglia (~1-4/1,000). Tourette tics; electrolytacute; Wilson rare; tardive drug-related. CPs prevalence makes D the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
The onset of clinical and radiologic characteristics of post traumatic intracranial hemorrhage occur over minutto hours in
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Epidural hemorrhage onset is minutto hours post-trauma, per neurosurgery, from arterial (e.g., middle meningeal) bleeding with lucid interval. Subdural slower; intraparenchymal variable; SAH instant; contusion immediate. Epidurals timing make B the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
The treatable degenerative condition that exhibits signs of cerebellar and basal ganglia dysfunction is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wilson disease is treatable, per hepatology, with cerebellar (ataxia) and basal ganglia (dystonia) signs from copper accumulation, reversible with chelation. Rett , adrenoleukodystrophy , mitochondrial , and NCL lack cure. Wilsons therapy make B the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A child diagnosed with meningitis is having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Which should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering blow-by oxygen and calling for help is the priority for a child with meningitis seizing tonically-clonically, per ACLS pediatric protocols. Seizurspike oxygen demand; hypoxia worsens brain injury in meningitis. Blow-by oxygen stabilizwhile help ensurrapid intervention (e.g., anticonvulsants). Reassuring parents delays care; calling a code overreacts without initial stabilization; assessing vitals diverts from airway management. As focus on oxygenation and support, aligned with seizure management guidelines, makes itthe correct answer, addressing immediate life-threatening needs.