You cannot open Claudia's eyes due to dried crust. Which of the following actions would you do?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The best course of action in this scenario is to place a warm wet washcloth over Claudia's eyes for at least three minutes. This will help soften and loosen the dried crust, making it easier to gently clean her eyes and open them. Applying eye drops or ointment may not be effective if the crust is blocking her eyes completely. By using a warm wet washcloth, you can improve the ability to clean her eyes effectively and without causing discomfort.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths of thyroid cells that form a lump within the thyroid gland. When a thyroid nodule becomes large enough, it can cause compressive symptoms such as difficulty swallowing and breathing. The presence of colloid nodules on fine-needle aspiration biopsy indicates a benign and common type of thyroid nodule. In this case, the symptoms are likely due to the physical pressure exerted by the thyroid nodule, rather than an underlying endocrine disorder like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, or diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the most likely cause of the patient's symptoms is the thyroid nodule itself.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The research design being referred to in the question is an experimental design. An experimental study involves the manipulation of an independent variable, which is the intervention in this case, to determine its effect on a dependent variable. "Blinding" in research refers to the practice of withholding information about the intervention from certain individuals involved in the study, such as researchers, participants, or outcome assessors. Blinding is commonly used in experimental studies to reduce bias and ensure the integrity of the study results. This combination of intervention and blinding is a hallmark of experimental research designs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The current emphasis for public health practice has shifted towards advocating for social justice due to a growing recognition that social determinants greatly impact health outcomes. Addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, access to healthcare, discrimination, and other social factors is crucial for achieving better population health. By advocating for social justice, public health practitioners aim to create a more equitable and just society where everyone has the opportunity to lead healthy lives. This broader approach acknowledges the complex interplay between social, economic, and environmental factors in shaping health behaviors and outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Submitting the audiotape to their research adviser is the appropriate action for the group to take after transcription. It is important to maintain the audiotape as a research record for verification purposes, especially if any discrepancies arise during the analysis of the transcript. The research adviser can provide guidance on how to securely store or handle the audiotape in compliance with research ethics and data protection guidelines. This ensures the integrity of the research process and supports transparency in the event of any future inquiries or validation requirements. Keeping a record of the audiotape and following proper protocols for its handling is essential in conducting ethical and reliable research.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Battery occurs when there is an intentional touching of another person without their consent. In this case, the nurse began cardiopulintary resuscitation on a client who had requested a "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) order, which means the client did not consent to the resuscitation. This action can be considered as battery because the client's wishes were not respected, and the nurse proceeded with a medical intervention against those wishes, leading to harm and potential legal consequences. This is different from assault, which involves a threat of force, and from defamation and fraud, which are not applicable to this situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's presentation of recurrent episodes of postnasal drip, chronic cough, halitosis, and foul-smelling, yellowish discharge from the middle meatus is highly suggestive of chronic rhinosinusitis. The presence of nasal polyps further supports this diagnosis. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is characterized by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, postnasal drip, cough, and a reduced sense of smell. The yellowish discharge and foul odor are typical findings in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with secondary bacterial infection. Nasal endoscopy may reveal edematous nasal mucosa and polyps obstructing the middle meatus, contributing to the symptoms described by the patient. Management typically involves a combination of medical therapies such as intranasal corticosteroids, saline irrigation, and antibiotics, and in some cases, surgical intervention

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist. The surgical procedure commonly performed to treat carpal tunnel syndrome is called median nerve release or carpal tunnel release. During this surgery, the transverse carpal ligament is divided to relieve pressure on the median nerve, reducing symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers. The goal of this procedure is to improve nerve function and reduce symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a critically ill patient admitted to the ICU with acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), the healthcare team should prioritize the initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). CRRT is preferred in critically ill patients with hemodynamic instability as it allows for slow and continuous removal of solutes and fluids, making it a safer option compared to intermittent hemodialysis. CRRT can also provide better control of volume status and electrolyte imbalances over a longer period, which is beneficial in critically ill patients who are hemodynamically unstable. Peritoneal dialysis is not commonly used in the ICU setting for acute renal failure requiring RRT, and loop diuretics are not effective in treating acute renal failure. Temporary hemodialysis catheters may also be used, but CRRT is generally preferred in critically ill patients for better hemodynamic tolerance and control of solute and fluid removal.