You assess your family as having a deficit in terms of their instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs). Which healthcare professional would you most likely refer this family to in order to address this deficit?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of the Family Centered Care Model in nursing, the correct answer is C) An occupational therapist. Occupational therapists are trained to assess and address deficits in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) such as meal preparation, shopping, and managing finances. They focus on promoting independence and enhancing quality of life through meaningful activities. A) A social worker typically focuses on psychosocial issues, advocacy, and resource coordination rather than direct IADL interventions. B) A physical therapist primarily addresses mobility, strength, and physical function, not IADL deficits. D) A speech therapist specializes in communication and swallowing disorders, which are not directly related to IADL deficits. Educationally, understanding the roles of different healthcare professionals in addressing specific needs of families is crucial for nurses to make appropriate referrals and provide holistic care. By recognizing the expertise of occupational therapists in IADLs, nurses can ensure families receive comprehensive support to improve their overall functioning and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of discharge education for a client with a new colostomy, it is crucial to educate them about potential complications to ensure they can manage their condition effectively. The correct answer is A) A prolapsed stoma. A prolapsed stoma occurs when the stoma protrudes significantly from the abdominal wall, leading to complications such as impaired blood flow, pain, and potential necrosis. This complication requires immediate medical attention to prevent further health issues. Option B) A vitamin B12 deficiency is not a direct complication of a colostomy but can occur in individuals with malabsorption issues related to gastrointestinal surgeries. While important to monitor, it is not the most immediate concern for a new colostomy patient. Option C) Nocturnal enuresis, or bedwetting, is unrelated to a colostomy and is not a typical complication associated with this procedure. Option D) Gallstone formation (GL stone formation) is not directly associated with a colostomy. Gallstones typically form in the gallbladder and are not a common complication of a colostomy. Educationally, understanding the potential complications of a colostomy empowers patients to recognize warning signs early and seek appropriate medical care. Providing this knowledge equips patients to take an active role in their care and promotes better outcomes and quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In administering blood and blood products to a client with B negative blood type, it is crucial for the nurse to be knowledgeable about the fact that this client has B agglutinins and lacks the Rh factor. This is because individuals with B negative blood type have B antigens on their red blood cells and anti-A antibodies in their plasma, meaning they can receive B negative or O negative blood but not A or AB blood types due to potential agglutination reactions. Option A is incorrect as it mentions A and B agglutinins, which is not accurate for a B negative blood type individual. Option B is incorrect as it mentions B and O agglutinins, which is also inaccurate. Option D is incorrect as it mentions A agglutinins, which is not present in an individual with B negative blood type. Understanding blood types and compatibility is crucial in nursing practice to ensure patient safety and prevent adverse reactions during blood transfusions. Nurses need to be well-versed in blood typing, antigens, antibodies, and transfusion reactions to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By selecting the correct answer, nurses can ensure the appropriate selection of blood products for patients with specific blood types, ultimately contributing to positive patient outcomes and adherence to the family-centered care model.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Ask the nurse to use the vastus lateralis muscle instead of the gluteus maximus. Administering an intramuscular injection in the gluteus maximus can be risky due to its proximity to major nerves and blood vessels, which could result in injury or complications for the client. The vastus lateralis muscle, located in the thigh, is a safer and more easily accessible site for administering IM injections in adults. Option A, allowing the nurse to administer the injection in the gluteus maximus, is incorrect as it poses potential risks to the client. Option C, asking the nurse to verify the doctor's order again, is not directly related to the safe administration of the injection. Option D, stopping the nurse from administering the injection, is necessary if the nurse persists on using the incorrect site. In an educational context, it is crucial to prioritize patient safety and ensure that nursing students understand the importance of proper injection techniques. Teaching new graduate nurses about safe injection sites and techniques will help prevent errors and promote optimal patient care. Encouraging critical thinking and adherence to evidence-based practice guidelines is essential in nursing education.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Freud. Sigmund Freud, a renowned psychologist, established the id, ego, and superego theory as part of his psychoanalytic approach to understanding human behavior. In this theory, he proposed that the human psyche is divided into three parts: the id (our primal instincts and desires), the ego (our conscious self that balances the id and superego), and the superego (our moral compass). Option B) Horney is incorrect because Karen Horney was a prominent psychoanalyst known for her theories on neurosis and personality development, but she did not develop the id, ego, and superego theory. Option C) Skinner is incorrect because B.F. Skinner was a behaviorist who focused on operant conditioning and behavior modification, which is a different psychological perspective than Freud's psychoanalytic theory. Option D) Pavlov is incorrect because Ivan Pavlov was a physiologist known for his research on classical conditioning, which is also a different psychological concept unrelated to Freud's id, ego, and superego theory. In an educational context, understanding the id, ego, and superego theory is crucial for nursing students practicing family-centered care. It provides insights into how individuals' unconscious drives, conscious thoughts, and moral values influence their behaviors and interactions within the family system. This knowledge can help nurses better comprehend and support families facing complex health challenges by recognizing the various psychological factors at play.