You are working in an outpatient clinic where many vascular diagnostic tests are performed. Which of these tasks associated with vascular testing will be most appropriate to delegate to an experienced nursing assistant?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate task to delegate to an experienced nursing assistant is option A, which involves measuring ankle and brachial pressures for a patient having the ankle-brachial index calculated. This task is suitable for delegation because it involves obtaining basic physiological measurements that do not require specialized training or interpretation. Option B, checking blood pressure and pulse during exercise testing, involves continuous monitoring and interpretation of vital signs, which requires a higher level of clinical judgment and expertise typically possessed by a nurse or healthcare provider. Option C, taking an allergy history for contrast venography, requires knowledge of potential contrast agents, their side effects, and implications for the procedure, making it a task best suited for a nurse or provider with a clinical background. Option D, providing patient teaching for a right subclavian vein Doppler study, involves explaining a specific diagnostic procedure, potential risks, and post-procedure care, which necessitates a healthcare provider's in-depth knowledge and ability to address patient questions and concerns effectively. In an educational context, understanding the scope of practice for different healthcare team members is crucial for delegating tasks effectively. By recognizing the level of expertise and training required for various activities, healthcare professionals can optimize workflow, enhance patient care, and ensure safe and efficient delivery of services. Delegating appropriate tasks based on competency levels also helps in promoting professional growth and skill development within the healthcare team.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of cardiovascular health, the correct answer is B) To prevent thrombophlebitis. Thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of a vein with a blood clot formation, commonly occurring in the legs due to prolonged immobility. Encouraging a client to move frequently helps promote blood circulation, preventing the formation of blood clots which can lead to thrombophlebitis. Option A) To keep the client from noticing pain is incorrect as the primary reason for encouraging movement is not pain management but rather prevention of a serious complication like thrombophlebitis. Option C) To provide activity to keep the client from being bored is incorrect as the focus is on the physiological benefits of movement in preventing health complications, not simply to alleviate boredom. Option D) To prevent stasis ulcers is incorrect as stasis ulcers are more related to decreased blood flow and tissue damage rather than clot formation due to immobility. In an educational context, it is important for nurses and healthcare professionals to understand the rationale behind encouraging movement in clients, especially those at risk for cardiovascular complications. By promoting frequent movement, healthcare providers can actively contribute to preventing potentially life-threatening conditions like thrombophlebitis, highlighting the crucial role of nursing interventions in maintaining patient health and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis is a condition in which calcium causes the arteries to lose elasticity, leading to stiffening of the arterial walls. This stiffness impairs the ability of the arteries to stretch and accommodate the surge of blood flow from the contracting left ventricle during systole. Option B) Coronary occlusion refers to the blockage of a coronary artery, leading to a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle. This is not the appropriate diagnosis for the condition described in the question. Option C) Ischemia refers to inadequate blood supply to an organ, usually due to a constriction or obstruction of blood vessels, leading to tissue damage. While ischemia can be a consequence of arteriosclerosis, it is not the primary diagnosis for this specific scenario. Option D) Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls, leading to the formation of plaques that can restrict blood flow. While atherosclerosis is related to arteriosclerosis, it specifically involves plaque formation rather than the loss of arterial elasticity. Educationally, understanding the distinction between these terms is crucial for healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose and manage cardiovascular conditions in elderly patients. Recognizing the unique characteristics of each condition is essential for providing appropriate treatment and preventative care to improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Postural hypotension. Postural hypotension, also known as orthostatic hypotension, is characterized by a drop in blood pressure when a person stands up from sitting or lying down. In this case, the client's symptoms of dizziness upon standing, along with nosebleeds and blurred vision, are indicative of decreased blood flow to the brain upon changing positions. These symptoms align with the classic presentation of postural hypotension in older adults. Option B) White-coat hypertension is incorrect in this scenario as the client's symptoms are not consistent with the phenomenon of elevated blood pressure readings in a clinical setting due to anxiety. Option C) Postural hypertension is not a recognized medical condition. The term typically used is postural hypotension for a drop in blood pressure upon standing. Option D) White-coat hypotension is also an inaccurate choice as it does not match the symptoms described by the client. White-coat hypotension refers to elevated blood pressure readings in a clinical setting due to stress or anxiety. Educationally, understanding the manifestations of postural hypotension is crucial for nurses in assessing and managing older adults who may be at higher risk for this condition. Proper assessment, monitoring, and interventions are essential to prevent falls and other complications related to postural changes in blood pressure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of discharge teaching after cardiac surgery, the nurse should include information about when sexual relations can be resumed as it is crucial for the patient's post-operative recovery. Option D is correct because it provides a specific timeframe of 2 to 4 weeks, which aligns with the typical recovery period and allows for gradual resumption of normal activities. Option A is incorrect because showering is usually allowed after cardiac surgery once incisions are healed to prevent infections. Option B is incorrect as a painless lump at the top of the chest incision is not a common post-operative concern and should not be the primary focus of discharge teaching. Option C is also incorrect as support hose or elastic stockings are typically recommended to be worn during the day to prevent edema and promote circulation, not just at night. Educationally, understanding the timing of resuming sexual activity post-cardiac surgery is essential for patient safety and optimal recovery. It ensures that patients are aware of the appropriate timeline and can prevent complications or unnecessary stress during their recovery process.