You are working a respiratory arrest patient and have just successfully placed a combi-tube in your apneic patient. What should you do if the chest fails to rise appropriately and gastric sounds are present?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Remove the BVM from tube #1 and ventilate through tube #2. This is the correct action because the presence of gastric sounds indicates that the tube is likely in the esophagus, not the trachea. By removing the BVM from tube #1 and ventilating through tube #2, you are ventilating the patient's lungs directly, improving oxygenation. Choice A is incorrect because ventilating through tube #1 will not improve the patient's condition if the tube is in the esophagus. Choice B is incorrect because confirming placement with a CO2 detector before ventilating through tube #1 does not address the issue of gastric sounds indicating esophageal placement. Choice D is incorrect because pulling the combi-tube back 2 cm without addressing the issue of esophageal placement will not improve ventilation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Congestive heart failure is most likely to cause problems with both internal (heart's pumping ability) and external (lung function) processes of respiration. Step 1: In CHF, the heart struggles to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs (internal process). Step 2: The fluid in the lungs impairs gas exchange, affecting oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination (external process). Step 3: This dual impact on internal and external respiration distinguishes CHF from other choices (lung cancer, hypertension, emphysema).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Negligence charges could be brought against the paramedic in charge of the unit. Rationale: 1. Negligence: In this scenario, the paramedic failed to ensure the equipment was properly charged, leading to the death of the patient. 2. Duty of Care: The paramedic had a duty to ensure the equipment was functional to provide appropriate care to the patient. 3. Breach of Duty: By not ensuring the defibrillator had adequate battery power, the paramedic breached their duty of care. 4. Proximate Cause: The lack of functioning equipment directly contributed to the patient's death. 5. Legal Liability: Negligence in providing care can result in legal charges being brought against the individual responsible for the patient's care. Summary: A: Manslaughter charges are not applicable as there was no intent to harm the patient. C: Battery charges are not relevant as it refers to physical harm, not the lack of battery power in equipment

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the absolute volume of blood loss required to produce shock in children is typically lower than in adults due to their smaller size. A: Vital signs are age-related in children, so they may differ from those in adults. B: Children actually have limited physiologic reserves compared to adults, making them more vulnerable to shock. C: Tachycardia is a common response to hypovolemia in children, but it is not the only physiologic response. Therefore, D is false because children require less blood loss to develop shock compared to adults.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Log-rolling may be destabilizing to fractures from T12 to L1. This is true because log-rolling involves rotating a patient to prevent movement of the spine, but in thoracic spine injuries from T12 to L1, this maneuver can cause further damage and destabilize the fractures. Choice B is incorrect because a scoop stretcher does not provide sufficient immobilization for thoracic spine injuries. Choice C is incorrect as spinal cord injury below T10 can still affect bowel and bladder function due to the autonomic nervous system involvement. Choice D is incorrect because hyperflexion fractures in the upper thoracic spine are typically stable, not inherently unstable.