You are working a respiratory arrest patient and have just successfully placed a combi-tube in your apneic patient. What should you do if the chest fails to rise appropriately and gastric sounds are present?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Remove the BVM from tube #1 and ventilate through tube #2. If gastric sounds are present along with inadequate chest rise, it indicates that the tube may be in the esophagus rather than the trachea. By removing the BVM from tube #1 and ventilating through tube #2, you can provide ventilation directly to the lungs and avoid insufflating air into the stomach. This step ensures proper oxygenation and ventilation while preventing complications from gastric insufflation. It is essential to act promptly to optimize patient outcomes. Incorrect answers: A: Securing the tube and ventilating through tube #1 would continue to insufflate air into the stomach, worsening the situation. B: Confirming placement with a CO2 detector before ventilating through tube #1 may delay appropriate intervention, risking patient harm. D: Pulling the combi-tube back approximately 2 cm without addressing the issue of gastric sounds and inadequate chest rise would

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Congestive heart failure. This condition can cause problems with both internal (heart function affecting oxygenated blood supply) and external (air exchange in lungs) processes of respiration. The heart's inability to effectively pump blood can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs, impairing oxygen exchange. Lung cancer (A) primarily affects the internal processes of respiration. Chronic hypertension (B) mainly impacts blood pressure regulation but not both internal and external respiration. Emphysema (D) primarily affects the external processes of respiration by damaging the lung tissue.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Negligence charges could be brought against the paramedic in charge of the unit. Rationale: 1. Negligence is the failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would have in a similar situation. 2. In this scenario, the paramedic in charge failed to ensure the equipment was adequately charged or had backup batteries, leading to the device shutting off during a critical moment. 3. This failure to provide proper equipment falls below the standard of care expected in the field of emergency medical services. 4. As a result, the patient's death could be attributed to the paramedic's negligence in ensuring equipment readiness. Summary: A: Manslaughter charges require a higher level of intent and causation, not applicable here. C: Battery charges refer to physical harm, not applicable in this context. D: Defamation charges involve false statements damaging a person's reputation, not relevant to the situation described.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the absolute volume of blood loss required to produce shock in children is not the same as in adults. Children have a smaller blood volume compared to adults, so even a smaller amount of blood loss can lead to shock. This is due to their smaller size and lower total blood volume. A: Vital signs are age-related - True, children have different normal vital signs compared to adults. B: Children have greater physiologic reserves than do adults - True, children have more reserves to compensate for shock. C: Tachycardia is the primary physiologic response to hypovolemia - True, tachycardia is a common response to maintain perfusion in hypovolemic shock.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Log-rolling may be destabilizing to fractures from T12 to L1. Log-rolling involves moving a patient as a unit to prevent further spinal cord injury. In patients with thoracic spine injuries at T12 to L1, log-rolling can cause disruption or misalignment of the fractured vertebrae, leading to potential neurological damage or increased spinal instability. Therefore, avoiding log-rolling in these cases is crucial to prevent further harm. Choice B is incorrect because the scoop stretcher may not provide adequate immobilization for thoracic spine injuries due to its limitations in maintaining proper spinal alignment. Choice C is incorrect as spinal cord injuries below T10 can affect bowel and bladder function due to the involvement of the sacral segments. Choice D is incorrect because hyperflexion fractures in the upper thoracic spine are generally considered stable, not inherently unstable.