You are treating a trauma patient and attempt intubation, but vocal cords are not visible. What tool would be the most valuable for achieving successful intubation?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Gum elastic bougie." When the vocal cords are not visible during intubation, a bougie is valuable for navigating the airway and guiding the endotracheal tube. Step 1: Use the bougie to feel for the tracheal rings. Step 2: Advance bougie until resistance is felt. Step 3: Thread the endotracheal tube over the bougie. Step 4: Remove the bougie. The other choices are incorrect because B (x-ray) does not directly aid in intubation, C (nasopharyngeal airway) is not useful when vocal cords are not visible, and D (oxygen) is important but not a tool for intubation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bathing a resident. Nursing assistants commonly assist with personal care tasks like bathing to ensure residents' hygiene and comfort. They help maintain skin integrity and prevent infections. Administering medication (A) requires a higher level of training and is usually done by nurses. Changing sterile dressings (C) typically falls under the responsibilities of licensed nurses due to the sterile technique involved. Giving tube feedings (D) also requires specialized training and is usually done by licensed healthcare professionals. Bathing residents is a fundamental and routine task that nursing assistants are trained to perform regularly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) was passed in response to reports of abuse and poor care in long-term care facilities. This legislation aimed to improve the quality of care in nursing homes by setting standards for training and competency of staff, ensuring residents' rights, and enhancing the quality of life for residents. Incorrect choices: A: Lack of funding for long-term care facilities - While funding issues may impact the quality of care, OBRA was primarily focused on addressing abuse and poor care. C: Complaints from long-term care facility staff about resident behavior - Staff complaints about resident behavior were not the primary reason for the passage of OBRA. D: Nursing assistants being unable to pass competency examinations - While this could be a concern, OBRA was more about setting standards and regulations to improve care quality, not solely about the competency of nursing assistants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Root. The root is the main part of a word that carries its core meaning. It is the foundation upon which prefixes and suffixes are added to modify the word's meaning. Understanding the root is essential for deciphering the meaning of unfamiliar words. Prefixes (A) are added at the beginning of a word to alter its meaning, suffixes (C) are added at the end, and abbreviations (D) are shortened forms of words and do not provide the core meaning of a word. In summary, the root is crucial for comprehending the fundamental meaning of a word, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. By touching the resident on the arm before identifying herself, the nursing assistant can provide a physical cue to alert the resident of her presence. This gesture is important for someone with visual impairment as it helps establish trust and a connection before communication begins. It also respects the resident's personal space and avoids startling them. Choice A is incorrect because waiting for the resident to speak may lead to confusion and frustration, especially if the resident is not aware of the assistant's presence. Choice C is incorrect as it does not promote effective communication and may make the resident feel neglected or isolated. Choice D is incorrect as using an imaginary clock face to explain the position of objects may be confusing and not as effective in establishing immediate communication and connection with the resident.