You are taking care of critically ill client and the doctor in charge calls to order a DNR (do not resuscitate) for the client. Which of the following is the appropriate action when getting DNR order over the phone?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and patient care, understanding the procedures for handling medical orders, such as a DNR order, is crucial. In this scenario, option A is the correct choice. Having the registered nurse, family spokesperson, nurse supervisor, and doctor sign the DNR order ensures proper documentation, accountability, and adherence to legal and ethical guidelines. Option B is incorrect because relying solely on nurses to validate a phone order may not provide enough oversight and verification of the order. Additionally, waiting for the doctor to sign within 24 hours could delay the implementation of the DNR order, which may be critical in a time-sensitive situation. Option C is also incorrect because it excludes the nurse supervisor from signing the order, which is an essential step for ensuring proper authorization and compliance with institutional policies. Option D is not the best choice as it only involves one nurse taking and signing the order. In critical situations like this, it is important to have multiple healthcare professionals involved in the verification and documentation process to minimize errors and ensure the order is valid and legally binding. Educationally, understanding the correct procedure for handling medical orders, including DNR orders, is vital for healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective patient care. By following the appropriate protocol as outlined in option A, healthcare providers can ensure that end-of-life decisions are made and implemented in a lawful and ethical manner.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and anesthesia practice, the correct answer to the question is Option B: Gauges 18 and 16. When preparing for spinal anesthesia, it is important to have a pink spinal set (gauge 18) and a blue spinal set (gauge 16) as backups. The reason behind this is that different anesthesiologists may have preferences for different gauge sizes based on factors such as patient anatomy, the procedure being performed, or their own experience and comfort level. Having both sets ensures preparedness for any scenario during the procedure. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: Option A: Gauges 16 and 22 - This option includes gauge 22, which is not commonly used for spinal anesthesia as it is smaller and may not be suitable for the procedure. Option C: Gauges 16 and 20 - While gauge 16 is necessary for the blue spinal set, gauge 20 is not typically used for spinal anesthesia procedures, making this combination incorrect. Option D: Gauges 25 and 22 - Gauge 25 is too small for spinal anesthesia and is not a standard size used for this procedure. Additionally, having gauge 22 as a backup does not align with common practice in spinal anesthesia. In an educational context, understanding the selection of appropriate gauge sizes for spinal anesthesia is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in anesthesia administration. It ensures patient safety, optimal procedure outcomes, and adherence to best practices in anesthesia care. By knowing which gauge sizes are commonly used and why specific combinations are preferred, healthcare providers can deliver high-quality care in clinical settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dairy products. Older adults are often deficient in calcium and vitamin D, which are abundant in dairy products. These nutrients are essential for maintaining bone health. Choice A (Carbohydrates) is incorrect because while carbohydrates are an essential nutrient, they are not specifically addressing the main nutrient deficits for older adults. Choice B (Oily fish and krill oil) is incorrect as these foods are sources of omega-3 fatty acids and not specifically addressing the main nutrient deficits common in older adults. Choice C (Yellow vegetables) is incorrect because although vegetables are important for overall health, they do not directly address the main nutrient deficits typically seen in older adults.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). SNAP provides financial assistance to help low-income individuals purchase food, directly addressing economic barriers to nutrition. Choices A, B, and C do not directly address the economic aspect of the community's nutritional status. A public service announcement on healthy eating may raise awareness but does not provide financial assistance. Educational programs on food safety focus on a different aspect of nutrition. The MyPyramid food guidance system is a tool for healthy eating but does not address the economic challenges faced by the community.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Iodized salt is the correct answer. Iodine deficiency can lead to thyroid problems, so iodine is added to salt to ensure an adequate intake of this essential nutrient. Flour is often fortified with other nutrients like folic acid, iron, and niacin, but not iodine. Canned vegetables and drinking water are not typically fortified with iodine to address deficiency in the population.